Kangosen - Kangosen

Japanese: 勘合船 - かんごうせん

During the Muromachi period, trading ships with kangofu (signals) were sent to China. They are also called kenming ships or toto ships. In the early days, they were sent directly by the shogunate, but later they were sent by powerful temples, shrines, and feudal lords, and many of them were managed entirely by merchants in Sakai and Hakata, and the shogunate simply held the rights to the kango trade. After the Onin War, the Ouchi and Hosokawa clans fought over the interests, and they were called Ouchi ships, Hosokawa ships, etc. Apparently they were often attacked by pirates on the way, so the Muromachi shogunate ordered powerful people on the coast to guard the ships to China on their way. After the Onin War, restrictions were set: three ships, 300 people, and one tribute every ten years, but in reality these restrictions were not observed.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

室町時代，勘合符をもって明国に渡った貿易船。遣明船，渡唐 (ととう) 船ともいう。初期は幕府の直営で派遣したが，のちには有力な寺社や大名が派遣するようになり，多くは堺，博多の商人が一切の経営を行うようになり，幕府は単に勘合貿易の権利を保持しているにすぎなくなった。応仁の乱後は大内氏と細川氏が利権を争い，大内船，細川船などの名で呼ばれた。しばしば途中で海賊に襲われたらしく，室町幕府は，航海途上の沿岸の実力者に渡唐船の警固を命じている。応仁以後は船3隻，人員 300人，10年1貢という制限が設けられたが，実際はこの制限は守られなかった。

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