...There is also a gauge glass in which the liquid is guided to an external transparent tube through a connecting tube attached to the bottom of the tank and the liquid level is read using a scale attached to the side wall. Methods for converting the position of the liquid level into other physical quantities include float type level gauges, which measure the liquid level by converting the movement of the liquid level into the displacement of a float by floating it, displacer level gauges, which use the fact that the buoyancy caused by an object (called a displacer) that is partially placed in the liquid changes with the change in the liquid level, pressure type level gauges, which use the fact that the hydrostatic pressure in the liquid is proportional to the height from the bottom to the liquid level to measure the pressure, winding pressure type level gauges, and air bubble type level gauges. In contrast to the above mechanical measurement methods, relatively newly developed methods include ultrasonic level gauges, which measure the liquid level from the propagation time through the liquid or gas phase by taking advantage of the fact that ultrasonic waves are mostly reflected by the liquid surface and have directionality; capacitance level gauges, which place opposing electrodes in the liquid and convert the movement of the liquid level into a change in the electrode area or dielectric constant, and radiation level gauges, which take advantage of the different properties of radiation absorption in the liquid and gas phases. *Some of the terminology used in reference to "winding pressure type liquid level gauges" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…またタンクの底部に取り付けた連通管を通して外部の透明管に液体を導き,側壁に取り付けたスケールにより液面を読むゲージグラスがある。液面の位置を他の物理量に変換して測定する方法としては,フロートを浮かべて液面の移動をフロートの変位に変換して測定するフロート式液位計,液中にその一部をおかれた物体(ディスプレーサーと呼ぶ)が液に浸ることにより生ずる浮力が液面の変化とともに変わることを利用するディスプレーサー液位計,液体中の静水圧が底面から液面までの高さに比例することを利用し圧力測定によって求める圧力式液位計,巻圧式液位計,気泡式液位計がある。以上のいわば機械的な測定法に対して,比較的新しく開発された方法として,超音波が液面でほとんど反射されることおよび指向性をもつことを利用して液相または気相中の伝搬時間から液面の高さを測定する超音波液位計,液体中に対向する電極を設け液面の移動を電極面積の変化,あるいは誘電率の変化に変換して測定する静電容量式液位計,放射線の吸収が液相と気相で異なる性質を利用する放射線液位計などがある。… ※「巻圧式液位計」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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