Garrod, AE - Garrod

Japanese: ガロッド,A.E. - がろっど
Garrod, AE - Garrod


[Biochemical Genetics]
With the development of trait genetics and cytogenetics, it became clear that traits are controlled by genes, and that genes occupy specific sites on specific chromosomes, but how genes determine traits remained unknown. However, as early as 1908, AEGarrod suggested that congenital metabolic defects in humans were caused by a lack of enzymes. In the 1930s, attempts were made under the name of physiological genetics to clarify the effects of major changes in environmental factors such as temperature and diet on traits, and to get closer to the mechanism of trait expression by genes, but a full elucidation of this problem had to wait until the research of GWBeadle and ELTatum (1941) on Neurospora crassa.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Garrod, AE" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[生化遺伝学biochemical genetics]
 形質は遺伝子に支配されており,その遺伝子は特定染色体の特定部位を占めていることが形質遺伝学や細胞遺伝学の発達で明らかになったが,遺伝子がいかに形質を決定するかは不明であった。とはいえ,すでに1908年にガロッドA.E.Garrodはヒトの先天的代謝欠陥が酵素の欠如に起因することを示唆していた。30年代に入り,生理遺伝学の名のもとに温度・食餌など環境要因の大きな変化がどのような効果を形質に与えるかを明らかにし,遺伝子の形質発現の機構に迫ろうとする試みがなされたが,この問題の本格的な解明はビードルG.W.BeadleとテータムE.L.Tatum(1941)らによるアカパンカビの研究をまたねばならなかった。…

※「ガロッド,A.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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