…Physically, this concept was introduced to clarify the connection between the system's output and internal state, and is dual to the concept of controllability, which specifies the relationship between the input and internal state. The latter is the condition for being able to control all state variables by the input, and is intuitively easy to understand from the standpoint of control engineering. Therefore, it was introduced as early as 1957-58, when optimal control theory was born, but the concept of observability was not introduced until 1960 by Kalman. Then, once the necessary and sufficient condition for observability and the dual relationship between controllability were clarified, it became clear that the structure of linear dynamical systems could be clarified by organically linking these two concepts. … From [Filter]…The Wiener optimal filter (Wiener filter) is shown in Figure 8. Although using the same rms criterion, the American Kalman REKalman showed in 1960 that an optimal filter can be designed from a different perspective. Kalman did not assume the stationarity of the signal x ( t ) but expressed it as a Gauss-Markov process described by a linear differential equation that inputs another white noise, and obtained an equation in the time domain that the kernel function K ( t , τ) of the optimal filter should satisfy. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kalman, RE" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これは,物理的には,システムの出力と内部状態のつながりぐあいを明確にするために導入された概念であり,入力と内部状態の関係を規定する可制御性controllabilityの概念と双対になる。後者は入力によって状態変数のすべてを制御できるための条件となっており,制御工学の立場からは直観的に理解されやすく,したがって最適制御理論が起こった1957‐58年ごろに早くも導入されたが,可観測性の概念は60年になって初めてカルマンR.E.Kalmanによって導入された。そして可観測性の必要十分条件と可制御性との双対関係が明らかにされると,これら二つの概念を有機的に結びつけることによって線形ダイナミカルシステムの構造を明確にできることがわかってきた。… 【フィルター】より…なお,ウィーナーの最適フィルター(ウィーナーフィルター)を図8に示す。 同じr.m.s.規範を使ってはいるが,アメリカのカルマンR.E.Kalmanは1960年,違った立場で最適フィルターが設計できることを示した。カルマンは,信号x(t)の定常性を仮定しないで,それを別の白色雑音を入力するような線形微分方程式で記述されるガウス=マルコフ過程で表現することにより,最適フィルターの核関数K(t,τ)が満足すべき方程式を時間領域で求めた。… ※「カルマン,R.E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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