Karakum Canal (English spelling)

Japanese: カラクム運河 - からくむうんが(英語表記)Каракумский Канал/Karakumskii Kanal
Karakum Canal (English spelling)

An irrigation canal in the Republic of Turkmenistan. It takes in water from the Amu Darya, which flows into the Aral Sea, near Mukri, close to the border with Afghanistan, and passes through Marie and Tejen before reaching the west of Ashgabat. It is approximately 1,400 km long. Construction began in 1954, partially opened in 1963, and completed in 1988. This led to the development of cotton cultivation and pastureland in the southern Karakum Desert. However, the flow of the Amu Darya, which has now been diverted for irrigation water, has decreased, and the inflow into the Aral Sea has been greatly reduced, causing the lake level of the Aral Sea to drop and the lake area to shrink. Furthermore, rising groundwater levels have caused salt damage around the canal.

[Eiichi Aoki and Ryo Aoki]

[References] | Amu Darya | Aral Sea | Karakum Desert | Turkmenistan | Mary

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トルクメニスタン共和国にある灌漑(かんがい)用運河。アラル海に注ぐアムダリヤの水をアフガニスタンとの国境に近いムクリ付近で取り入れ、マリー、テジェン付近を経て、アシガバート西方に至る。延長約1400キロメートル。1954年に建設が始まり、1963年に一部開通、1988年に完成した。これによってカラクム砂漠南部における綿花栽培や牧草地化が進んだ。しかし、灌漑水をとられたアムダリヤは流量が減り、アラル海への流入が大きく減少して、アラル海の湖面の低下、湖面積の縮小がおこった。また運河周辺では地下水位の上昇により、塩害が発生している。

[青木栄一・青木 亮]

[参照項目] | アムダリヤ | アラル海 | カラクム砂漠 | トルクメニスタン | マリー

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