Upward exchange - Kamigatakawase

Japanese: 上方為替 - かみがたかわせ

...The offsetting and subtraction of loans and borrowings between Edo and Osaka. In Osaka, this was called "Edo exchange" and in Edo, "Kamigata exchange," and the payment date was usually 10 days or more after the date of issue. Among them, there were bills to be paid upon arrival, and there were also "no-dai exchanges," which were completely interest-free loans of up to 3,000 to 5,000 ryo.

From [Handprint]

…At that time, Osaka was always in debt to Edo due to the transportation of goods to Edo, the consumer market, and the remittance of rice payments made by the feudal domains to their Edo residences through Osaka rice was settled through this debt. The types of exchange that were implemented in relation to Osaka and Edo included remittance money orders (Kamigata money order, Nobosegata) and reverse money order. The former was an order that money changers would make when they received a request from a person with whom they had a regular relationship, whether a samurai or a merchant, to send money to Kamigata (Kyoto, Osaka), and if the money changer had the money to send from Kamigata to Edo (Edo money order) in mind…

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "upward exchange rate" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…江戸･大坂間の貸借相殺･差引である。大坂ではこれを〈江戸為替〉，江戸では〈上方為替〉といい，支払日は通常振出日より10日以上を例とする。なかには到着払いの手形もあり，また〈無代為替〉といって，まったく無利息で3000～5000両まで貸越しするものもみられた。…

【手形】より

…当時の大坂は消費市場江戸への物資移送により，つねに江戸に対し貸勘定になっており，諸藩の大坂廻米による払米（はらいまい）代金の江戸藩邸への送金はその貸勘定をもって決済された。こうした大坂，江戸との関係から取り組まれた為替には，送金為替(上方為替，為登（のぼせ）手形)と逆為替がある。前者は武家，商人を問わず，両替屋が平素懇意にしている者から上方(京都，大坂)へ送金を依頼されたとき，両替屋が上方から江戸へ下す為替(江戸為替)の心当りがあればそれに応ずる為替である。…

※「上方為替」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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