"Principles of Painting" - Gahokouryō

Japanese: 《画法綱領》 - がほうこうりょう

…Kuwayama Gyokushu’s Gyokushu Painting Style (1790) and Paintings of the Countryside (1799) are noteworthy for their original interpretations of the theories of Chinese Southern School painting and literati painting in order to justify Japanese Nanga. Satake Shozan’s Painting Principles (1778) and Shiba Kokan’s Western Painting Discussions (1799) evaluate the realistic techniques of Western painting from the perspective of practicality. The notes on Manshi by Enman-in Temple’s head priest Yujo (1723-73) and Maruyama Okyo’s discourse in Sensai Maruyama Sensei Den (1801) by his disciple Oku Bunmei are important for understanding his theory of realistic painting. …

From Yoshiaki Satake

…At first, he was good at painting in the Kano school, but in 1773 (An'ei 2), when Hiraga Gennai visited the Akita domain and conveyed his knowledge of Western painting, he and his vassal Odano Naotake switched to Western-style painting, and created works that incorporated Western painting techniques into Oriental painting themes. In 1778, he wrote Japan's first Western painting treatises, "Principles of Painting" and "Understanding Paintings." [Fujio Naruse] …

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to the "Principles of Painting" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…桑山玉洲の《玉洲画趣》(1790)，《絵事鄙言（ひげん）》(1799)は日本南画を正当づけるため，中国南宗画･文人画の理論を独創的に解釈したものとして注目される。佐竹曙山の《画法綱領》(1778)，司馬江漢の《西洋画談》(1799)は，西洋絵画の写実手法を実用性という観点から評価している。円満院門主祐常(1723‐73)の覚書《万誌》や円山応挙の門人奥文鳴の《仙斎円山先生伝》(1801)に記された応挙の言説は，彼の写生主義理論を知る上で重要である。…