A group of macroforaminifera (higher foraminifera). Also called Nummulites. This name comes from the fact that the shell shape and size resemble a coin (derived from the Latin numisma). The shell shape is disk-shaped or lens-shaped. The interior is divided into many chambers, which are arranged on a flat surface, with the first spiral chambers wrapped around the next spiral chambers. The sutures of the partitions between the chambers form various patterns and are called partition filaments. The shell also has a well-developed tubular structure called a vascular system. Dimorphism is observed within the same species between macrospheroids, which have small shells and a large initial chamber (primary chamber), and microspheroids, which have large shells and very small initial chambers. Most of the former are less than 1 cm in size, but some of the latter can reach 10 cm. They are found in Cenozoic and Paleogene strata all over the world, and their importance in comparing strata has long been noted. In Japan, the ones that come from Hahajima in the Ogasawara Islands and Amakusa Island in Kyushu are famous. [Yoshihiro Tanimura] [Reference item] |White disk-shaped numismatic stones embedded in rocks. Hahajima, Ogasawara Village, Tokyo ©Shogakukan "> Numeral stone Photo: Nummulites boninensis ©Shogakukan "> Cross section of a numismatic stone Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
大形有孔虫(高等有孔虫)の一グループ。ヌムリテスともいう。殻(から)の外形、大きさが貨幣(コイン、ラテン語の鋳貨numismaに由来する)に似ることからこの名がある。外形は円盤状ないし凸レンズ状である。内部は多くの室に分かれ、それらが平面上で、先に形成された渦巻状の室の列を、次にできる渦巻状の室の列が包むように配列している。室間の隔壁の縫合線はさまざまな模様をつくり、隔壁フィラメントとよばれる。また、殻には、脈管系とよばれる管状の構造が発達する。殻が小さくて、最初に形成される室(初室)が大きい顕球型と、殻が大きくて初室がきわめて小さい微球型の同一種内の二形性が認められる。前者は1センチメートル以下のものが多いが、後者は10センチメートルに達するものもある。世界各地の新生代古第三紀の地層より産出し、地層を対比するうえでの重要性は古くから指摘されている。日本では、小笠原(おがさわら)諸島の母島や九州の天草島から産するものが有名である。 [谷村好洋] [参照項目] |岩石に含まれる白い円盤状の貨幣石。東京都小笠原村 母島©Shogakukan"> 貨幣石 写真はヌムリテス・ボニネンシス ©Shogakukan"> 貨幣石の断面 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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