This refers to a state in which the liver tissue rapidly undergoes widespread necrosis and collapse, resulting in a severe atrophy of the liver compared to a normal liver. Clinical symptoms are extremely severe, with severe jaundice and hepatic coma, and death occurs within a few days to a few weeks after onset. In this case, the liver is pathologically diagnosed as acute or subacute hepatic atrophy. It is also called yellow or red hepatic atrophy. The surface of the liver becomes wrinkled, and the liver weight, which is 1200-1400 grams in healthy adult men and 1100-1300 grams in healthy women, decreases to 800 grams and 600 grams, respectively, or even less. The color changes from a healthy dark reddish brown to a dirty reddish yellow, which is why it is called yellow hepatic atrophy, but this color change is due to liver cells with severe fatty changes and severe bile stasis. Red liver atrophy is a state in which liver cells are severely destroyed, and as a result of the disappearance of liver cells, the color of red blood cells becomes more intense and red, and the appearance is very similar to the cut surface of the spleen. It can be caused by hepatitis viruses and drugs (halothane, tetracycline, etc.), as well as poisoning from poisonous mushrooms, carbon tetrachloride, yellow phosphorus, etc. In animal experiments, it has been shown that nutritional disorders such as a deficiency of sulfur-containing amino acids can also cause liver atrophy. The name hepatic atrophy places emphasis on the pathological and morphological description, and the current clinical diagnoses for the same disease are fulminant hepatitis and acute liver failure. Also, the term extensive necrosis or subextensive necrosis of liver cells, which is the pathological cause of liver atrophy, is used, so it is a rather old term. Hepatic atrophy refers to the case where the liver fails due to the low regeneration ability of liver cells and the rapid progression of necrosis, and is different from cirrhosis, in which regeneration is active and pseudolobules are formed. [Yasuyuki Ohta and Morikazu Onchi] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
肝組織が急激に広範な壊死(えし)に陥り崩壊する結果、正常肝と比べて高度に萎縮した肝臓の状態をさす。臨床症状は激烈を極め、高度の黄疸(おうだん)、肝性昏睡(こんすい)に陥り、発症後数日から数週のうちに死の転帰をとる。この場合の肝臓は病理学的に急性または亜急性肝萎縮と診断されるものに一致する。黄色または赤色肝萎縮ともよばれる。肝臓の表面にはしわが寄り、成人健常男性で1200~1400グラム、女性で1100~1300グラムある肝重量が、それぞれ800グラムと600グラム、あるいはそれ以下に減少する。色は健常時の暗赤褐色から汚い赤黄色となり、黄色肝萎縮とよばれるわけであるが、これは脂肪変化が強く、胆汁うっ滞も高度な肝細胞による色調の変化である。赤色肝萎縮はさらに肝細胞が強く崩壊したときの状態で、肝細胞が消失する結果、赤血球の色が強く出て赤色を呈し、脾臓(ひぞう)の割面によく似た像を示す。肝炎ウイルスや薬物(ハロセンやテトラサイクリンなど)のほか、毒キノコ、四塩化炭素や黄リンなどの薬物中毒などでおこる。なお動物実験では、含硫アミノ酸の欠乏など栄養障害でも肝萎縮がおこることが知られている。 肝萎縮症という病名は病理形態学的な記述を重視したもので、現在同一疾患の臨床診断名としては劇症肝炎、急性肝不全が用いられている。また、病理学的にも肝萎縮の原因となる肝細胞の広範壊死または亜広範壊死のほうが用いられており、どちらかといえば古い用語ということになる。なお、肝萎縮症は、肝細胞の再生能が低く、壊死の進行が速いために肝不全状態で死亡する場合をいい、再生が盛んで偽小葉をつくる肝硬変とは異なる。 [太田康幸・恩地森一] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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