Small-scale waterworks are constructed in small villages such as farming, mountain and fishing villages with the goal of supplying water to 101 to 5,000 people. Waterworks are generally self-supporting, but the population density is low and the length of the pipes per household is long. In order to spread waterworks to areas outside of urban areas where construction of waterworks is financially and topographically unfavorable, the national government decided to provide high subsidies for the construction of small-scale waterworks, and this administrative classification was established in 1952 (Showa 27). Therefore, it does not mean that the quality of the water supply or the contents of the facilities are simple, but the same standards as those for general waterworks are applied to them. As of 1999 (Heisei 11), there are 9,370 simple waterworks operators (most of which are run by towns and villages), and about 6.65 million people receive water through them. Although some of them have problems with water shortages and maintaining water quality, many of them use groundwater as a water source, and the water quality is generally good. In order to improve the sophistication and efficiency of the management of scattered facilities, simple water supply businesses in the plains are being reorganized through mergers and merging with the water supply businesses of neighboring cities. [Miki Kobayashi] [Reference items] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
農山漁村など小さな集落で、101人以上5000人以下の人々へ給水することを目標にして建設された小規模な水道。水道事業は独立採算制が原則であるが、人口密度が低いために1戸当りの配管延長が長く、財政的、地形的に水道の建設に不利な都市部以外の地域にも水道の普及を図るため、国が小規模の水道の建設に高率の補助金を交付することになって、1952年(昭和27)に設けられた行政上の名称区分である。したがって、給水の水質や施設の内容が簡易という意味ではなく、それらには一般の上水道と同一の基準が適用されている。1999年(平成11)現在9370の簡易水道事業体(大半は町村営)があり、約665万人がこれを通じて給水を受けているが、なかには水量不足や水質の維持に苦慮しているところもあるものの、地下水を水源としている例が多く、水質は一般に良好である。散在する施設の管理の高度化と効率化を図って、平野部では簡易水道事業相互の合併による再編成や、近隣都市の水道への併合が進められている。 [小林三樹] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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