Max Weber argued that in order to maintain the objectivity of knowledge in social science, one should not adopt an attitude that forces judgments of good and bad, right and wrong, according to certain value standards. According to him, empirical science can tell people what they can do and what they may want, but it cannot tell them what they should do. Although this is also called value-freedom or value-neutrality, Weber did not advocate a simple dichotomy between facts and values, nor did he seek to banish the latter from scientific knowledge. The principle of value freedom is required in order to prevent the ideologicalization of social science, which is brought about by dogmatic adherence to certain values. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
社会科学において認識の客観性を保つためには,一定の価値基準に従って善悪,正邪の判断を迫るような態度をとるべきでないという M.ウェーバーの主張。彼によれば,経験科学は人が何をなしうるか,何を欲しうるかを教えることはできても,何をなすべきかまで教えることはできないという。没価値性あるいは価値中立性ともいわれるが,ウェーバーは,この主張によって単なる事実と価値との二分論を説いたのでもなく,また後者を科学的認識の外に放逐しようとしたのでもない。価値自由の原理が要請されるのは,ある価値への教条主義的固執によってもたらされる社会科学のイデオロギー化を阻止するためである。
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