Kata Thermometer

Japanese: カタ温度計 - かたおんどけい
Kata Thermometer

A special thermometer used to measure the degree of hardness, which is used as an index of the working environment in mines, etc. It is used to calculate the cooling effect on the human body caused by the three conditions of temperature, humidity, and wind speed. It is a type of alcohol thermometer with only two scales, 35°C and 38°C, and also has a bulb at the top of the capillary. To measure the degree of hardness, first heat the entire thermometer to about 50°C so that some of the thermosensitive liquid accumulates in the upper bulb. Then, while hanging the thermometer quietly, measure the time it takes for the reading to drop from 38°C to 35°C. The degree of hardness is obtained by dividing the calibration value written on the thermometer by the number of seconds measured. This is the amount of heat released into the air per second from a surface area of ​​1 square centimeter while the temperature drops from 38°C to 35°C, that is, the cooling power of the air, in millicalories. The temperature is selected between 38°C and 35°C because the average of these, 36.5°C, corresponds to the human body temperature. The temperature measured when the thermometer's temperature-sensing part (the lower bulb) is dry is called the dry katakat, and the temperature measured when wrapped in a damp cloth is called the wet katakat, and they respectively indicate the rate of heat dissipation from dry skin and from skin wet with sweat. Humans feel comfortable at a wet katakat of about 20; below this level they feel muggy, and above this they feel cold. It was invented by the British physiologist Leonard Hill, and katakata is a Greek word meaning to descend.

[Mitsui Kiyoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鉱山などにおいて労働環境の指標として用いるカタ度を測定するための特殊な温度計。温度、湿度および風速の3条件が総合して人体に及ぼす冷却効果の算定に用いられる。35℃と38℃の二つだけの目盛りをもつ一種のアルコール温度計で、毛管の上部にも球部を備えている。カタ度を測定するには、まず温度計全体を約50℃に温めて感温液の一部が上方の球部にたまる状態にする。次に温度計を静かにつるした状態で示度が38℃から35℃まで下がるのに要する時間を測定する。温度計に記入してある検定値を測定した秒数で割るとカタ度が得られる。これは、温度が38℃から35℃まで下がる間に1平方センチメートルの表面積から、1秒間に空気中に放出される熱量、すなわち空気の冷却力をミリカロリーの単位で示した数字である。温度を38℃から35℃までに選ぶのは、その平均36.5℃が人体の体温に相当することによる。温度計の感温部(下方の球部)が乾いている状態で測ったものを乾カタ度、湿った布で包んで測ったものを湿カタ度とよび、それぞれ人体の乾いた皮膚、および汗などでぬれた皮膚からの熱の放散率を表す。ヒトが快感を覚える湿カタ度は20程度で、これより低いと蒸し暑くなり、高くなると寒く感じる。イギリスの生理学者ヒルLeonard Hillが発明したもので、カタkataは下降を意味するギリシア語である。

[三井清人]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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