In mechanics, when a virtual small displacement that satisfies constraints is applied to a mass point, this is called a virtual displacement. A displacement that satisfies constraints means, for example, that the mass point of a simple pendulum is constrained to move along a circumference, so displacement along the circumference is permitted, but displacement outside the circumference is not permitted. A virtual displacement does not have to be a displacement that follows the equation of motion, but is a displacement that is actually possible, and in which the time and force required to effect the displacement do not need to be considered. Therefore, when a virtual displacement is applied, the forces that were originally acting on the mechanical system are considered to be unchanged. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
力学において,質点に拘束条件を満たす仮想的な微小変位を与えるとき,これを仮想変位という。拘束条件を満たす変位とは,たとえば単振り子の質点は円周に沿って動くように拘束されているから,円周に沿った変位は許されるが,円周からはみ出す変位は許されないことを意味する。また仮想的な変位とは,運動方程式に従って行われる変位でなくてもよいが,実際に可能な変位で,しかも変位させるのに必要な時間や力は考えなくてよい変位のことである。したがって,仮想変位をさせるときには,力学系にもともと働いていた力は変らないとみなす。
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