Air is compressed and compressed to a high pressure. The pressure varies depending on the purpose of use, but it is generally made by packing air into a container of a certain volume with an air compressor to the desired pressure. Compressed air can be used to do various jobs by utilizing the force that occurs when it is released into the atmosphere from the mouth of the container. 5 to 7 kilograms of compressed air per square centimeter are used to operate the brakes of trains and open and close doors, while compressed air of less than 0.1 kilograms per square centimeter is used to ventilate railway and subway tunnels, mine tunnels, etc. In addition, motors using compressed air that do not pose a risk of ignition are widely used instead of gasoline internal combustion engines. In particular, compressed air is used in coal mines and chemical plants where explosive gases are present, in the form of compressed air locomotives, rock drills, air hammers, air hoists, and air drills. It is also used for breathing in aqualungs and as a combustion support gas for combustion burners. [Toda Genjiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
空気を押し縮めて圧力を高くしたもの。使用目的によってその圧力は異なるが、一般にエアコンプレッサー(空気圧縮機)によって一定容積の容器の中に空気を目的圧力まで詰め込んでつくる。圧縮空気は、これを容器の口から大気中に放出したときに働く力を利用して、いろいろな仕事をさせることができる。電車のブレーキの操作、ドアの開閉には、1平方センチメートル当り5~7キログラムの圧縮空気が、鉄道トンネル、地下鉄トンネル内、あるいは鉱山の坑道などの換気のためには、1平方センチメートル当り0.1キログラム以下の圧縮空気が使われている。また、ガソリン内燃機関のかわりに、引火の危険性のない圧縮空気を用いた原動機も広く使われている。とくに爆発性ガスのある炭坑内や化学工場で、圧縮空気機関車、さく岩機、空気ハンマー、空気ホイスト、空気ドリルなどの形で使われる。そのほかアクアラングの呼吸用に、また燃焼バーナーの支燃性ガス用に使われる。 [戸田源治郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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