Dai Jitao

Chinese politician and journalist. Right-wing debater of the Kuomintang. His given name was Chuanxian, and his courtesy name was Jitao. He was born in Hanzhou, Sichuan Province. In 1905 (Meiji 38), he went to Japan to study, and studied law at Nihon University. He returned to China in 1909, where he edited the Shanghai Daily and Tianduo News, and wrote articles under the Tianqiu issue. In 1911, he fled to Penang after the Pen Incident, where he joined the China Tongming Hui, edited the Guanghua News, and advocated revolution. After the Wuchang Uprising in October, he returned to Shanghai and founded the Minquan News. In 1912 (Taisho 1), he became secretary to Sun Yat-sen, and accompanied him to Japan, where he served as an interpreter for his meeting with Katsura Taro. In 1918, he became interested in labor and social issues and began to study them. In 1919, together with Zhu Zhixin (1885-1920), Liao Zhongkai, and Hu Hanmin, he helped Sun Yat-sen establish the journal Construction Magazine. In 1924, he was elected as a member of the Central Executive Committee and head of the Propaganda Department at the First National Congress of the Kuomintang, a joint Kuomintang-Communist Party, and also served as head of the Political Department at the Huangpu Military Academy. After Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, he wrote The Philosophical Foundations of Sun Yat-senism, which considered Sun Yat-sen's ideas to be the continuation of traditional Confucianism, and opposed the Kuomintang's pro-Communist policy. He became the theoretical leader of the right wing of the Kuomintang and was involved in the Xishan Conference. In October 1928, he became a member of the National Government Committee and the Director of the Examination Board. After that, he worked hard to improve the system for promoting civil servants. He died in Guangzhou in February 1949. There is also speculation that it was suicide.

[Shuzo Agawa]

“Japan Theory” written by Dai Ji Tao and translated by Hiroshi Ichikawa (1972, Social Thoughts) ▽ “Da Ji Tao’s View of Japan and the Chinese Revolution” written by Takashi Saga (2003, Toho Shoten) ▽ “Da Ji Tao and Modern Japan” written by Zhang Yuping (2011, Hosei University Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の政治家、ジャーナリスト。国民党右派の論客。名は伝賢。季陶は字(あざな)。四川(しせん)省漢州の生まれ。1905年（明治38）日本に留学し、日本大学法科に学ぶ。1909年帰国して『上海(シャンハイ)日報』『天鐸報(てんたくほう)』を編集し、天仇(てんきゅう)の号で論文を書く。1911年筆禍事件でペナンに逃れ、同地で中国同盟会に入会し、『光華報』を編集、革命を主張した。10月の武昌蜂起(ぶしょうほうき)後、上海に戻り『民権報』を創刊。1912年（大正1）孫文(そんぶん)の秘書となり、彼に従って来日し、桂太郎(かつらたろう)との会談の通訳を務めた。1918年、労働問題、社会問題に関心をもって研究を始め、1919年、朱執信(しゅしつしん)（1885―1920）、廖仲愷(りょうちゅうがい)、胡漢民らとともに孫文を助けて『建設雑誌』を創刊した。1924年、国共合作の国民党第1回全国代表大会で中央執行委員、宣伝部長に選出され、黄埔(こうほ)軍官学校政治部主任も務めた。1925年孫文が死ぬと、孫文の思想を伝統的儒教思想の継承とした『孫文主義の哲学的基礎』などを著し、国民党の容共政策に反対、国民党右派の理論的指導者となり、西山会議にかかわった。1928年10月国民政府委員、考試院長となる。以後、官吏登用制度整備に尽力した。1949年2月広州で死去。自殺との説もある。

［阿川修三］

『戴季陶著、市川宏訳『日本論』（1972・社会思想社）』▽『嵯峨隆著『戴季陶の対日観と中国革命』（2003・東方書店）』▽『張玉萍著『戴季陶と近代日本』（2011・法政大学出版局）』

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