…The claws of vertebrates with limbs are made of a hard epidermal layer (mainly composed of keratin). In amphibians, they are only found in a few species, such as the African clawed frog and the larvae of mountain stream-dwelling salamanders. In reptiles, birds, and mammals, they are almost always found, and serve as a tool for digging holes, as well as a weapon, as well as a non-skid device for running and climbing. In mammals, they are specialized according to function, and three types of claws can be distinguished: hooked claws, flat claws, and hooves. The claw is the most common type of claw, with a basic structure similar to that of birds and reptiles, and is found in monotremes, marsupials, insectivores, chiroptera, rodents, edentates, squamata, lagomorphs, and carnivores. From [Thorn]…[Iwatsuki Kunio] (2) Animal spines Hard appendages made of chitin, keratin, and calcareous matter can form on the surface of animals' bodies, and appendages can also form on shells, bone fragments, and bones. Such appendages with sharp tips are generally called spines. Similar appendages can also be called hooks or claws depending on their shape, function, and location. In amphibian and sea urchin species, spines made from the cuticle cover the surface of the body and are used for movement and defense. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "claw" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…四肢がある脊椎動物のつめは,表皮性の硬い角質(主成分はケラチン)からなり,両生類では,熱帯アフリカのツメガエルや渓流生のサンショウウオの幼生などにわずかに見られるのみであるが,爬虫類,鳥類,哺乳類ではほとんどつねにみられ,走ったり,木に登ったりする際の滑り止めや,穴を掘る道具として役だつほか,武器にもなる。哺乳類では,機能に応じて特殊化していて,かぎづめ(鉤爪),ひらづめ(扁爪),ひづめ(蹄)の3種類が区別できる。かぎづめclawは鳥類,爬虫類のつめと同様の基本構造をもつ最も普通に見られるつめで,単孔類,有袋類,食虫類,翼手類,齧歯(げつし)類,貧歯類,有鱗類,ウサギ類,食肉類などがこれをもつ。… 【とげ(棘)】より…【岩槻 邦男】(2)動物のとげspine 動物の体表などにはキチン質,角質,石灰質などでできた硬い付属突起がつくられることがあり,また殻,骨片,骨などにも付属突起が形成されることがあり,このような付属突起で先が鋭くとがっているものは一般にとげといわれる。同じような付属突起でも,形,役目,部位によっては,とくに鉤(かぎ)hook,かぎづめclawなどと呼ばれるものもある。キョクヒチュウ類,ウニ類などでは,表皮からつくられたとげが体表をおおっており,移動や防御に用いられる。… ※「かぎづめ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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