Carnotite

Japanese: カルノー石 - かるのーせき(英語表記)carnotite
Carnotite

It is an important uranium ore mineral found in sedimentary uranium deposits. It is thought to be formed in concentrations around carbonaceous materials in sandstone, and precipitates due to the oxidative decomposition of existing primary uranium minerals and vanadium-based substances, as well as the action of groundwater. Its atomic arrangement differs from that of ordinary vanadate groups, with a basic group [V 2 O 8 ] 6- consisting of two square pyramids surrounding V 5+ (a five-valent vanadium ion) called VO 5 , and bonded by sharing edges. For this reason, it is sometimes classified as an oxide, like other multiple vanadate minerals, rather than a vanadate. Its position in the systematics differs depending on whether the [V 2 O 8 ] that constitutes part of the basic group is considered to be a vanadate group or an oxide. It is difficult to distinguish in appearance from the calcium (Ca)-substituted tsamunite and its lower hydrate metatsamunite (chemical formula Ca[(UO 2 ) 2 |V 2 O 8 ]·3-5H 2 O). Uranium, the raw material for early atomic bombs, was mainly extracted and refined from this mineral. It is named after the French industrial engineer Marie Adolphe Carnot (1839-1920).

[Akira Kato February 17, 2016]

[References] | Uranium deposits | Substitutes | Tuyamunite [Additional information] | Carnotite (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

堆積(たいせき)型ウラン鉱床中に産する重要なウランの鉱石鉱物。砂岩中の炭質物質の周りに濃集して生成され、既存の初生ウラン鉱物とバナジウムを主成分とする物質の酸化分解と、地下水の作用で沈殿するものと考えられている。原子配列上は通常のバナジン酸基と異なり、VO5というV5+(5価のバナジウムイオン)を囲む正方錐(すい)が2個、稜(りょう)を共有して結合した[V2O86-という基本基をもつ。そのためにバナジン酸塩ではなく、ほかの多重バナジン酸塩鉱物同様、系統分類上酸化物に入れられることもある。基本基の一部を構成する[V2O8]をバナジン酸基とみるか酸化物とみるかによって系統分類上の位置が異なる。カルシウム(Ca)置換体のツヤムン石やその低位水化物メタツヤムン石metatyuyamunite(化学式Ca[(UO2)2|V2O8]・3~5H2O)とは外見上区別しがたい。初期の原子爆弾の原料となったウランは、おもにこの鉱物から抽出精錬された。フランスの工業技術者カルノーMarie Adolphe Carnot(1839―1920)にちなんで命名された。

[加藤 昭 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | ウラン鉱床 | 置換体 | ツヤムン石[補完資料] | カルノー石(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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