An Arabic word meaning state land for the Islamic community or religious endowments. The plural is awqāf. In the Maghreb, it is also called hubus. It is generally used to mean religious endowments in which ownership is reserved but usufruct is waived. The donor is called a waqīf, and the property in question is called a mawqūf or mahbūs. They are often donated to manage and maintain mosques, schools, hospitals, and charitable facilities. However, in practice, individuals or families often donate waqfs to perpetuate land ownership and avoid taxation, and since the 19th century, they have been the most important targets of land reform. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イスラム共同体のための国有地,あるいは宗教的な寄進地を意味するアラビア語。複数形はアウカーフ awqāf。マグレブ地方ではフブス hubusとも呼ばれる。一般には所有権を留保しつつ,用益権を放棄する宗教的寄進地の意味に用いられる。寄進者はワキーフ waqīf,対象となる物件をマウクーフ mawqūfあるいはマフブース mahbūsという。モスク,学校,病院,慈善施設を管理,維持するために寄進されることが多い。しかし実際には個人や家族が土地所有権を永代化し,課税を逃れるためにワクフを寄進することがしばしばあり,19世紀以降は土地改革の最も重要な対象とされてきた。
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