A specialized field that regards science as a social and human endeavor and attempts to analyze it using concepts and methods from sociology and related fields. It was proposed in 1949 by American sociologist R.K. Merton. It takes the position that connections with factors other than science, such as regulations and constraints in various aspects such as culture, economy, ideology, and systems, cannot be ignored. Along with historical research on science (→ history of science) and philosophical research on science (→ philosophy of science), it constitutes part of the theory of science. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
科学を社会的・人間的営みとみなし,社会学およびその周辺分野の概念や手法を用いて分析しようとする専門分野。 1949年アメリカの社会学者 R.K.マートンが提唱した。文化や経済,思想,制度などさまざまな面での規制や制約といった,科学以外の要素との関連を無視できないという立場をとる。科学に対する歴史的研究 (→科学史 ) や哲学的研究 (→科学哲学 ) とともに科学論の一部を構成している。
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