Mexican politician. Born in Jiquilpan, Michoacán, he implemented many reformist policies for the peasants and workers. In 1913, he threw himself into the revolution that was then underway in Mexico, and served under General Carrés, a supporter of Obregón, and was promoted to Brigadier General in the revolutionary army. After the revolution, he became Governor of Michoacán from 1928 to 1932, and was known as a young and innovative governor. During this time, he served as Minister of the Interior in the federal government in 1931, and Minister of the Army and Navy in 1933. In the 1934 presidential election, he was the candidate of the ruling National Revolutionary Party, and was elected with the overwhelming support of the people. After taking office, he boldly implemented the social reform clauses of the 1917 Constitution, which had become obsolete, and carried out land reform on an unprecedented scale, dismantling the traditional large land ownership system, creating ejido (communal land) peasants, and forming the Mexican Confederation of Workers (CTM) to improve the status of workers. In 1938, he nationalized the American and British foreign oil companies, which boosted nationalism. Even after stepping down as president in 1940, he never lost his revolutionary spirit and continued to be a symbol of reform, and showed deep sympathy for the Cuban Revolution. [Yuzo Kamo] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
メキシコの政治家。ミチョアカン州ヒキルパンの生まれで、農民や労働者大衆のために多くの改革的政策を行った。1913年、当時メキシコで進行していた革命に身を投じ、オブレゴン派のカリエス将軍のもとで活躍して革命軍の准将にまで昇進した。革命後は、1928年から1932年までミチョアカン州の知事となり若き革新知事として名をはせた。この間、1931年には連邦政府の内相を務め、1933年には陸海相となった。1934年の大統領選挙で与党の国民革命党の候補者となり、国民の圧倒的多数に支持されて当選した。就任後、空文化していた1917年憲法の社会改革的条項を大胆に実施し、空前の規模で土地改革を行って伝統的な大土地所有制を解体し、エヒード(共有地)農民を創出するとともに、メキシコ労働者連合(CTM)を結成させ、労働者の地位向上に努めた。1938年には米英系の外国石油会社を国有化してナショナリズムを高揚させた。1940年に大統領を退任したのちも革命精神を失わず、改革のシンボル的存在となり続け、キューバ革命に対しても深い同情を示した。 [加茂雄三] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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