Precepts - Kairon

In this way, early Buddhism rejected the hedonistic trend of the time and traditional asceticism and metaphysics, and focused only on the physical and mental phenomena that could actually be experienced by humans, encouraging the elimination of desires and the attainment of a tranquil state of nirvana. Early Buddhist sects consisted of practitioners (monks) and lay believers (lay people), and it is said that Shakyamuni recommended the above-mentioned training to monks, and three to lay people: the Treatise on Alms (loving all living beings with compassion, and giving alms especially to monks), the Treatise on Precepts (observing the five precepts for lay people, namely not killing, not stealing, not committing adultery, not lying, and not drinking alcohol), and the Treatise on Rebirth in Heaven (if one observes the above two precepts, one will be reborn in heaven after death). The early Buddhist scriptures include the five Nikāyas written in Pāli and handed down in Sri Lanka, the four Agamas (āgama) translated into Chinese, and others.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "kairon" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　初期仏教はこのように，当時の享楽主義的風潮と，伝統的苦行主義や形而上学を否定し，実際経験できる人間の身体的･精神的現象のみを取り上げて，欲望を滅し静かな涅槃の境地に入ることをすすめている。　初期仏教の教団は，修行者(出家)と在俗信者(在家)から成り，釈迦は出家に対しては上述の修行をすすめ，在家に対しては施論(慈悲をもって生きとし生けるものを愛し，特に出家者へ布施を行うこと)，戒論(在家の五戒すなわち不殺生，不偸盗，不邪淫，不妄語，不飲酒の各戒を守ること)，生天論(以上の二つを行えば，死後天に生まれる)の三つをすすめたといわれている。　初期仏教の聖典としては，スリランカに伝わるパーリ語で書かれた5部のニカーヤnikāya，漢訳として伝わる4部の阿含（あごん）(アーガマāgama)その他がある。…

※「戒論」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報