Marine corrosion

...A soil science term. The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms are decomposed by the biological community in the soil, producing polyphenols, quinones, and amino compounds, which are then polycondensed by the catalytic action of enzymes, microbial oxidizing enzymes, inorganic ions, clay minerals, and other substances, turning into dark, amorphous, colloidal polymeric compounds specific to soil. These dark substances are called humic substances, and the components of the biological remains in the process of decomposition are called non-humic substances. Humus refers to both in a broad sense and the former in a narrow sense. Humus has important functions such as (1) adsorption and retention of plant nutrients (Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , K ⁺ , NH ₄ ⁺ ), (2) mitigation of soil acidification, (3) physiological activity of plants, (4) formation of aggregates, (5) promotion of activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, (6) supply of inorganic nutrients, (7) prevention of the production of sparingly soluble phosphate compounds, (8) increase in soil temperature, and (9) absorption and retention of water. ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "marine corrosion" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…土壌学用語。動植物および微生物の遺体は土壌中で生物群集により分解を受け，ポリフェノール類，キノン類，アミノ化合物を生成するが，これらの物質は酵素，微生物の酸化酵素，無機イオン，粘土鉱物などの触媒作用により重縮合し，土壌固有の暗色無定形コロイド状高分子化合物に変化していく。この暗色物質を腐植物質，分解過程にある生物遺体成分を非腐植物質と呼び，腐植は広義には両者を，狭義には前者を意味する。腐植は，(1)植物養分(Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋，K^＋，NH₄^＋)の吸着保持，(2)土壌の酸性化の緩和，(3)植物生理活性作用，(4)団粒形成，(5)有用土壌微生物の活動促進，(6)無機養分の供給，(7)難溶性リン酸化合物の生成防止，(8)土壌温度の上昇，(9)水分吸収保持，などの重要な機能を有している。…

※「海洋腐食」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報