Step Pyramid

Japanese: 階段ピラミッド - かいだんぴらみっど

...In a broad sense, it refers to artistic activity in Egypt and the areas under its influence from prehistoric times to the present day, but generally refers to ancient Egyptian art, especially from the dynastic period. Art from after the end of the dynastic period is often considered as part of Coptic art, Islamic art, etc. This article also focuses on the dynastic period. Egyptian art was born from the extremely distinctive worldview and religious views of the ancient Egyptians. It was probably their unique natural environment and climate that nurtured this worldview and religious view. ...

From [Stairs]

...A stepped passageway that connects floors at different heights. There are those built on sloping ground and those that connect the upper and lower floors of a building. Depending on the shape, they can be classified as straight stairs, folded stairs, turn-around stairs, spiral stairs, etc. Stairs installed in open-air areas such as halls have the effect of creating an atmosphere of the space, and are designed in various ways, but general stairs are planned primarily for the purpose of ascending and descending.
[Materials and Construction Methods]
Stairs are often made from the same materials as the main structural materials of the building, and there are several typical construction methods.

From [Jesel]

…reigned from about 2635 BCE to about 2615 BCE. Constructor of the Step Pyramid of Saqqara. He put an end to the internal chaos at the end of the Second Dynasty and finally established the idea of a god-king based on the worship of the heavenly god Horus, which had been pursued throughout the Early Dynastic Period.

From [Burial of the Living Dead]

...refers to the practice of burying wives, concubines, and attendants in the grave of a king or nobleman or other master as companions to the deceased, and the remains of such burials. Regardless of the size of the grave, those of the ruling class are those that are accompanied by burial with the deceased, and regardless of their power, they are called royal tombs or chief tombs. This was a custom in an era when people believed in the existence of an afterlife, just like in each society (afterlife view), and according to ancient documents, there were cases where people were buried alive. Burial with the deceased is not limited to humans, and can also refer to the burial of dogs or horses, but there are some that should be distinguished as sacrifices. ...

From [Pyramid]

... Boat pits have already been found in various 1st Dynasty royal tombs, and the nature of the boats placed therein continues to be debated, but from an example discovered and restored in 1954 south of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, it is believed that they were originally funeral boats, and as their connection with the worship of the sun god strengthened, they assumed the role of a "solar boat" for the sun god to sail across the heavens. The first pyramid was the "Step Pyramid" built by King Djoser of the 3rd Dynasty in Saqqara (Figure 1). It was originally conceived as a square mastaba, and after five design changes, it was completed as a six-tiered step pyramid (approximately 121m east-west, approximately 109m north-south, approximately 60m high). ...

*Some of the terminology that refers to "step pyramid" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…広義には，先史時代から現代に至る，エジプトおよびその影響下にあった地域の美術活動を総称するが，一般には，王朝時代を中心とする古代エジプト美術を指す。王朝の終末以後の美術については，コプト美術，イスラム美術などの一環として考察される場合が多い。本稿の記述も，王朝時代を中心とする。　エジプト美術は，古代エジプト人の，きわめて特色のある世界観，宗教観から生まれた。この世界観，宗教観を育てたものは，おそらく，その特異な自然環境，風土であろう。…

【階段】より

…異なる高さの床面を結ぶ通路で，段々状になったものをいう。傾斜した地盤上につくり出されるものと，建築物の上下階を結ぶ構造物とがある。形状により，直階段，折れ階段，折返し階段，回り階段，らせん階段などに分けられる。ホールなどで床が吹き抜けた部分に設けられる階段には空間の雰囲気を演出する効果があり，さまざまなデザインがなされるが，一般の階段は昇降という機能本位に計画される。
［材料と構法］
　階段は建物の主体構造材料と同じ材料でつくられることが多く，いくつかの典型的な構法がある。…

【ジェセル】より

…在位，前2635年ころ‐前2615年ころ。サッカラの〈階段ピラミッド〉の建設者。第2王朝末期の国内の混乱を収拾し，初期王朝時代を通じて追求された天の神ホルス信仰に基づく〈神王理念〉を最終的に確立した。…

【殉葬】より

…王侯貴族など主人の墓に，死者の供として妃妾や従者を同時に葬ること，およびその遺構をいう。墓の大小にかかわらず殉葬を伴うのは支配階級の墓であり，権力の大小は別にして，それらを王墓，首長墓などと呼んでいる。それぞれの社会と同じような来世の存在を信じていた時代の風習で(来世観)，古文献によると，生きながら埋められた場合もあった。人間に限らず犬や馬を葬ったものも殉葬というが，犠牲として区別すべきものもある。…

【ピラミッド】より

…舟坑はすでに第1王朝王墓から散見され，納置された舟の性格については論争が続いているが，1954年クフ王の大ピラミッド南側に発見され復元された例からみて本来は葬儀用の舟で，太陽神信仰との結びつきが強まると，太陽神が天を航海する〈太陽舟〉の性格が付加されたものと思われる。　最初のピラミッドは第3王朝ジェセル王がサッカラに建造した〈階段ピラミッド〉である(図1)。当初正方形のマスタバとして構想され，5度の設計変更の末6段の階段ピラミッドとして完成する(東西約121m，南北約109m，高さ約60m)。…

※「階段ピラミッド」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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