… In addition to the base sequence that specifies the amino acid sequence, mRNA molecules usually have extra base sequences before and after it. Therefore, it is important to specify the start point of translation, and a three-base sequence called AUG is used for this command (called the start codon, although GUG is sometimes used). AUG also exists inside genes and is used as a codon for the amino acid methionine, so AUG alone is insufficient to specify the start point. … From [Protein synthesis (protein synthesis)]…When a codon (stop codon) that commands the end of protein synthesis appears, the elongation of the peptide chain stops, and the synthesized protein and mRNA leave the ribosome. Usually, the mRNA binds to the ribosome again and resumes protein synthesis from the site of the codon (start codon) that commands the start of protein synthesis. Among the proteins and enzymes synthesized within the cell, some are secreted outside the cell, but the synthesis of these secretory proteins occurs on ribosomes attached to the membrane structure of the cell. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "start codon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… mRNA分子は,アミノ酸の配列を指定する塩基配列以外にも,その前後に余分な塩基配列をもつのが通例である。したがって翻訳の開始点の指定が重要となるが,この指令にはAUGという3塩基の配列が用いられる(開始コドンと呼ばれ,まれにはGUGが用いられる)。AUGは遺伝子内部にも存在し,アミノ酸の一つであるメチオニンのコドンとして用いられるので,AUGだけでは開始点の指令には不十分である。… 【タンパク質合成(蛋白質合成)】より…タンパク質合成の終止を指令するコドン(終止コドン)が出現すると,ペプチド鎖の伸長は止まり,合成されたタンパク質とmRNAとはリボソームより離れていく。通常mRNAは再度リボソームへと結合し,タンパク質合成の開始を指令するコドン(開始コドン)の部位よりタンパク質合成を再開する。細胞内で合成されるタンパク質・酵素のうち,細胞外へ分泌される分子種もあるが,これら分泌タンパク質の合成は,細胞の膜構造に付着したリボソーム上で起こる。… ※「開始コドン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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