Class party - Kaikyuuseito (English spelling) class party

Japanese: 階級政党 - かいきゅうせいとう(英語表記)class party
Class party - Kaikyuuseito (English spelling) class party

In the narrow sense, it refers to a political party that is based on the working and peasant classes and leads their class struggle. The view that the essence of history and the reality of society lie in class conflict requires that a class position be clearly defined. This class position is elevated to partisanship. From the perspective of the working class, a class party is established as a leading class force that transcends the everyday life of labor unions and consumer cooperatives. However, workers' parties have split into reformist social democratic parties and communist parties that consider themselves vanguard parties as groups of professional revolutionaries, and a single class party has not been realized in parliamentary politics.

Both conservative and centrist parties can be considered class parties, as they represent specific class interests. In essence, political parties, as groups of people pursuing specific partial interests, all reflect some kind of class stance. However, class parties incorporated in parliamentary democracy are required not only to represent the interests of a specific class or stratum, but also to develop policies from a national perspective. The qualifications for carrying out party politics, whether in opposition or in power, are to overcome partisanship and demonstrate the character of a national party. At this point, the concrete challenge for class parties to become national parties, in order to become public parties, becomes clear.

In today's situation, where it is difficult to determine the existence of classes in the economic structure or in the structure of social consciousness, it may seem as if the practical function of a class-based political party has disappeared. However, the "them and us" conflict in the structure of life that exists between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party in the UK has not yet disappeared. The more difficult it becomes to grasp the reality, the more we will need to find new significance for the concept of a class-based political party as a framework for understanding.

[Hirohiro Takahashi]

[Reference items] | National party | Political party

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

狭義には、労働者・農民階級を基盤とし、その階級闘争を指導する政党をいう。歴史の本質と社会の実態が、階級対立にあるとするとらえ方からは、まず階級的立場の明確性が要求されることになる。この階級的立場は党派性に高められる。労働者階級の立場にたてば、労働組合や消費組合の日常性を超えたところに階級の指導部隊としての階級政党が設定されることになる。ただし、労働者政党は、改良主義的な社会民主主義政党と、職業革命家集団として前衛党の自覚をもつ共産主義政党に分化し、議会政治において単一の階級政党は実現していない。

 保守的な党派も、中間派の党派も、特定の階級的利害の代弁者として階級政党であるとみなせる。本来、特殊部分的な利害の追求者集団としての政党は、すべてなんらかの階級的立場を反映している。しかし、議会制民主主義に組み込まれた階級政党は、特定の階級や階層の利害代弁者であるだけでなく、全国民的な観点にたった政策展開者であることを求められる。野党であれ、政権党であれ、政党政治の担い手の資格は、徒党性の克服であり国民政党的性格の呈示である。ここで階級政党の国民政党化が、公党化として具体的課題になる。

 階級の存在を経済構造において、または社会意識の構造において確定することが困難となっている現代の状況にあっては、一見階級政党としての現実的な機能は消失しているかのように見受けられる。しかし、イギリスの保守政党と労働党との間にあるthem and us(やつらとわれわれ)という生活構造の対立関係は依然として消滅していない。実態としての把握が困難になればなるほど、理解の枠組みとしての階級政党概念の新たな意義が求められることになる。

[高橋彦博]

[参照項目] | 国民政党 | 政党

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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