Also called Tyre or Tour. An ancient Phoenician city. Located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, originally on an island. In the Bible, it is called Tyre. It is now a small city in Lebanon, called Sur. According to the ancient Greek historian Herodotus, the city existed from about the 28th century BC, but the name of its king Abimelech is found in the Amarna letters from the 14th century BC. Later, not only did the city dominate the Phoenician city-states, but it also established colonies overseas. Carthage excelled in navigation, crafts, crimson dye production, and other technologies, and was its most famous colony. As seen in the Old Testament, it had many negotiations with Israel, and during the reign of David and Solomon, Tyre's king Hiram maintained friendly relations with Israel, introducing its advanced technology to Israel. King Ahab (reigned 875-852 BC) also married Tyre's princess Jezebel, which resulted in the introduction of paganism to the Kingdom of Israel. The city is mentioned in the New Testament, but was conquered by Muslims in 636, occupied by Crusaders, and then recaptured by Arabs. The main ruins that remain today date back to after the Roman Empire. It was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1984. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
チュロス,ツールとも呼ばれる。フェニキアの古代都市。地中海東岸にあり,元来は島の上にあった。聖書ではツロ。現在レバノンの一小都市となっており,スールと呼ばれる。古代ギリシアの歴史家ヘロドトスによれば,前 28世紀頃からこの町は存在したが,前 14世紀のアマルナ文書にもその王アビメレクの名が見出され,その後フェニキアの都市国家間の覇権を握ったばかりでなく,国外に植民地をも建設した。航海術,工芸,深紅色染料生産などの技術にすぐれ,カルタゴはその最も有名な植民地であった。旧約聖書にみられるようにイスラエルとの交渉も多く,ダビデ,ソロモン時代には,テュロスの王ヒラムによってイスラエルとの友好関係が維持され,その高度の技術がイスラエルに導入された。またアハブ王 (在位前 875~852) はテュロスの王女イゼベルと結婚し,その結果イスラエル王国に異教が導入されることにもなった。新約聖書にもこの町は登場するが,636年にイスラム教徒によって征服され,十字軍による占領,さらにアラブ人による奪回を経た。現在残る主要な遺跡はローマ帝政期以後のものである。 1984年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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