《Elegance》 -

Japanese: 《雅》 - が

...the oldest works include the English Beowulf, which was written around the 8th century, the Nordic Edda and Sagas, the German Nibelungenlied, the Arthurian legends, which are probably of Celtic origin, and the French Song of Roland and the Spanish Lied of Meu Cid, which have the characteristics of Christian epic poetry, all of which were written by the 12th or 13th century. As for lyric poetry, the love songs and narrative songs of the troubadours, who were active in southern France from around the 12th century, were sung by entertainers called jongleurs, and were passed on to the Troubadours in northern France and the Minnesengers in Germany, giving rise to a trend in elegant court lyric poetry by the aristocracy. On the other hand, there was a trend in folk songs that sang of unrestrained feelings of life in the form of dance songs, pastoral songs, and needle songs, which passed through the laments of Lutboeuf (13th century) and continued to François Billon (15th century), who is said to be the last poet of the Middle Ages. At roughly the same time, the last court poet, Charles d'Orléans, appeared, and together they produced masterpieces of fixed-form poetry such as ballades and rondeaux.

From the Book of Songs

…Since Confucius, it has been considered a Confucian classic. It consists of three parts: “Feng” which is a collection of folk songs from various countries, “Ya” which is music for the imperial court, and “Song” which is music and songs for ancestral rites. “Feng” is also called “Kokufeng” and contains 160 pieces from 15 countries, namely Zhounan, Zhaonan, Hai, Yu, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao, and Zhi. “Ya” contains 74 pieces of Xiaoya and 31 pieces of Da Ya. “Song” contains 31 pieces of Zhou Songs, 4 pieces of Lu Songs, and 5 pieces of Shang Songs. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "miyabi" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…古いものでは8世紀ごろ成立したイギリスの《ベーオウルフ》があり，北欧の〈エッダ〉と〈サガ〉，ドイツの《ニーベルンゲンの歌》などのゲルマン色の濃いものや，おそらくケルト系のアーサー王伝説群，それに，キリスト教徒の武勲詩の性格をもつフランスの《ローランの歌》，スペインの《わがシッドの歌》などが，いずれも12,13世紀ごろまでに成立する。抒情詩としては12世紀ごろから南仏で活動したトルバドゥールと呼ばれる詩人たちの恋愛歌や物語歌がジョングルールという芸人たちによって歌われ，北仏のトルベール，ドイツのミンネゼンガーなどに伝わって，貴族階級による優雅な宮廷抒情詩の流れを生むが，他方には舞踏歌，牧歌，お針歌などの形で奔放な生活感情を歌った民衆歌謡の流れがあり，これがリュトブフ(13世紀)の嘆き節を経て，中世最後の詩人といわれるフランソア･ビヨン(15世紀)につらなる。ほぼ同じ時期に最後の宮廷詩人シャルル･ドルレアンもいて，ともにバラードやロンドーといった定型詩の代表作を残した。…

【詩経】より

…孔子以来，儒家の経典とされた。諸国の民謡を集めた〈風〉，宮廷の音楽〈雅〉，宗廟の祭祀の楽歌〈頌〉の三部分から成る。〈風〉は，〈国風〉とも呼ばれ，周南･召南･邶（はい）･鄘（よう）･衛･王･鄭･斉･魏･唐･秦･陳･檜･曹･豳（ひん）の15国160編，〈雅〉は，小雅74編･大雅31編，〈頌〉は，周頌31編･魯頌4編･商頌5編を収める。…

※「《雅》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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