...In northern Germany, Arp Schnitger produced the Hamburg style organ, the largest at the time, with five pipes, in the late 17th century, about a century after Niehoff, and thus achieved the synthesis of the Baroque organ. Scheidemann (c. 1596-1663), S. Scheidt, F. Tunder (1614-67), D. Buxtehude, G. Böhm (1661-1733), N. Bruhns (1665-97), and JA Reincken (1623-1722), who were successors of Sweelinck, were active mainly in the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Lübeck, and established the North German style with organ chorales based on Protestant chorales (congregational songs) and multi-part toccatas that featured spectacular pedals. At the pinnacle of this diverse development of organ music is J.S. Bach, who left behind many immortal masterpieces that beautifully combined the traditions of various countries. From [Christian Music]...We find a representative of this in JS Bach, who was the cantor of St. Thomas of Leipzig in the 18th century. In the evangelical worship of Lutherans, the cantata, which is a musical expansion of the Gospel passages read on that day in place of the Catholic mass, played a major role, followed by the organ chorale, which is an artistic modification of the chorale, a congregational hymn. Of the other Protestant denominations that arose in the 16th century, the Church of England was generally conservative in both doctrine and liturgical music, since it separated from Catholicism due to the accidental factor of the king's divorce issue. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "organ chorale" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…北ドイツでは,シュニットガーArp Schnitgerが,ニーホフから約1世紀後の17世紀後半に,ハンブルク様式とよばれる当時最大の五つのパイプ群から成るオルガンを世に出し,バロック・オルガンの総合を成しとげた。スウェーリンクの系譜をつぐシャイデマンH.Scheidemann(1596ころ‐1663),S.シャイト,トゥンダーF.Tunder(1614‐67),D.ブクステフーデ,ベームG.Böhm(1661‐1733),ブルーンズN.Bruhns(1665‐97),ラインケンJ.A.Reincken(1623‐1722)らがハンブルク,リューベックなどのハンザ自由都市を中心に活躍し,プロテスタントのコラール(会衆歌)に基づくオルガン・コラールやペダルが華々しく活躍する多部分構成のトッカータなどで,北ドイツ様式を打ち立てた。この多様なオルガン音楽の発展の頂点に位置するのがJ.S.バッハで,各国の伝統をみごとに融合した不朽の名作を数多く残した。… 【キリスト教音楽】より…その代表者を,われわれは18世紀にライプチヒ市聖トーマス・カントルであったJ.S.バッハの姿に見いだすのである。ルター派の福音主義的な礼拝においては,カトリックのミサ曲に代わってその日に奉読される福音書の章句を音楽的に敷衍したカンタータが主要な役割を占め,それに次いで会衆賛美の歌であるコラールに芸術的な手を加えたオルガン・コラールが重視された。 16世紀に興った他のプロテスタント諸教派のうち,英国国教会は,国王の離婚問題という偶発的要因によってカトリックから分離したため,教義においても,典礼音楽においても全般的に保守的であった。… ※「オルガン・コラール」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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