Khara Khoto

Japanese: カラ･ホト（英語表記）Khara Khoto

The capital of the Western Xia Dynasty, Eqina Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In Mongolian, it means "Black City." It is also called Heishui City. It was first surveyed by the Russian Kozlov Expedition in 1908. It is a quadrilateral with sides of about 400 meters, and the city walls are 9 meters high. In the northwest corner there is a Tibetan-style pagoda (Spurgan). There are gates on the east and west, and the western half of the city is filled with tiled temples and government offices, but the buildings in the eastern half have no tiles, and are made of wood laid over clay. There is an iron smelting plant in the northeast of the city. Silk and woolen fabrics, hats, shoes, etc. have been discovered in the commercial street that stretches east-west from the east gate, as well as Western Xia, gold, and Yuan coins and Yuan paper money, the Baoshuo.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国内モンゴル自治区エチナ(額斉納)旗にある西夏の都城。モンゴル語で〈黒い都城〉の意。黒水城ともいわれる。1908年，ロシアのコズロフ探検隊によって最初に調査された。1辺400m前後の四辺形で，城壁は高さ9m。北西隅にチベット式の仏塔(スプルガン)がある。東と西に門があり，城内西半は瓦をふいた寺院，官衙が多いが，東半の建物には瓦がなく，木をわたして粘土をふいている。城の北東には鉄の製錬所がある。東門より東西方向にのびる商業通りからは，絹織物，毛織物，帽子，靴などが発見され，西夏，金，元の貨幣や元の紙幣である宝鈔も見つかっている。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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