Horseshoe Bridge - Mayabashi

Japanese: 厩橋 - まやばし

The name of Gunma County, on the left bank of the Tone River, in the center of Kozuke Province. Originally "Umayabashi," the "u" was dropped to become "Mayabashi," and in the early Edo period it was written as "Maebashi," which became established and is still the name of Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture. It is said to have originated from a bridge built over a river (the predecessor of the Tone River) near Gunma Station on the Higashiyama Road. During the Sengoku period, Umabashi Castle (Maebashi Castle) was built and became one of the bases when Uesugi Kenshin, Takeda Shingen, and Hojo Ujiyasu fought for control of the Kanto region. Nagao Tadafusa, the lord of Oumi Castle (present-day Maebashi City), who is said to have died in 1394, built a new castle in Ishikura, but it was washed away by floods from the Oei (1394-1428) to Tenbun (1532-1555) eras. The new Ishikura Castle, built by Nagano Miyauchi Daifu Masatada (Umabashi Masatada, Tokuro) using the remains, is said to be the first Umabashi Castle. This is a different castle from the Ishikura Castle ruins, which are currently located on the opposite bank from the Maebashi Castle ruins. Nagano Masatada was a member of a branch of the Nagano clan, the lord of Minowa Castle (present-day Minosato Town, Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture), and led the surrounding Ogo and Hikita clans to form the Umabashi group. Kenchu was killed by Uesugi Kenshin, who invaded the Kanto region after 1560, and the Uesugi clan placed Hojo Takahiro in Umabashi Castle. In 1567, the combined forces of the Hojo and Takeda clans attacked Uesugi Kenshin at Umabashi. When the Otate Rebellion broke out in 1578, the Hojo clan became independent, but in 1582, Oda Nobunaga, who had defeated Takeda Katsuyori, sent Takigawa Kazumasu to Umabashi Castle, and the Kozuke warriors, including Hojo Takahiro, followed him. After the Honnoji Incident, the Takigawa clan was pursued by the Odawara Hojo clan, and Umabashi Castle became an important base for Hojo Ujiteru. In 1590, the Odawara Hojo clan was destroyed, and under Tokugawa Ieyasu's control of the Kanto region, Hiraiwa Chikayoshi was given a fief of 33,000 koku. In 1601, Sakai Shigetada and in 1749, Matsudaira Tomonori entered the domain with 150,000 koku of rice. → Maebashi Domain

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

上野国の中央，利根川左岸の群馬郡の地名。もと〈うまやばし〉だったものが，〈う〉が脱落して〈まやばし〉となり，さらに江戸時代初期に〈前橋(まえばし)〉と記されるようになって定着，現在の群馬県前橋市の名に引き継がれている。東山(とうさん)道群馬駅(くるまのえき)近くの川（利根川の前身）に架けられた橋から起こったともいわれる。戦国時代には厩橋城（前橋城）が築かれ，上杉謙信・武田信玄・北条氏康(ほうじょううじやす)らが関東の支配権をめぐって争った際の拠点の一つとなった。1394年に没したと伝える蒼海(おうみ)城（現，前橋市）城主長尾忠房が石倉(いしくら)に新城を築いたが，応永（1394年−1428年）から天文（1532年−1555年）にかけての洪水のため流失し，その後長野宮内大輔賢忠（厩橋賢忠，藤九郎）が残部をもとに築いた新石倉城が最初の厩橋城という。現在前橋城跡対岸にある石倉城跡とは別の城である。長野賢忠は箕輪(みのわ)城（現，群馬県高崎市箕郷町）城主長野氏の支族で，周辺の大胡氏・引田氏らを率いて厩橋衆を形成していた。賢忠は，1560年以降関東に侵攻した上杉謙信に誅殺され，厩橋城には上杉氏によって北条(きたじょう)高広が配された。1567年北条(ほうじょう)・武田両氏の連合軍は厩橋の上杉謙信を攻撃した。1578年御館(おたて)の乱が起こると北条(きたじょう)氏は自立したが，1582年武田勝頼を滅ぼした織田信長は滝川一益(たきがわかずます)を厩橋城に送り，北条高広ら上野の武士はこれに従った。本能寺の変後，滝川氏は小田原北条氏に追われ，厩橋城は北条氏照方の重要な拠点となった。1590年小田原北条氏は滅亡し，徳川家康の関東支配のもと平岩親吉が３万3000石で封じられた。1601年には酒井重忠，1749年には松平朝矩が15万石で入部した。→前橋藩

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