An indigenous group living on Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost island of South America. They are also called Selk'nam. Their language belongs to the Chong family of the Andean-Equatorial languages. They are a warlike hunter-gatherer people whose territory is in the inland part of the island, and they live by hunting guanacos, a camelid, moving around in bands that are political and economic communal groups. They are tall, with men often exceeding 180 cm. They often used guanaco fur for clothing, but despite the cold climate, they could also ward off the cold by simply rubbing seal tallow on their bodies. Since Magellan's voyage reported the existence of Tierra del Fuego in 1520, the population has rapidly decreased due to conflicts with sheep farmers who entered the island and epidemics. It is said that the clothes provided by Christian missionaries weakened the bodies' resistance to the cold, and many Ona died. They began to live together with indigenous coastal groups such as the Yaghan, but their population has continued to decline, and today only a few people call themselves Ona (Selk'nam). [Kimura Hideo] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
南アメリカ最南端のフエゴ島に住む先住民集団。セルクナムSelk'namともいう。言語はアンデス・赤道大語族のチョン語族に属する。島の内陸部をその領域とする好戦的な採集狩猟民族であり、政治・経済上の共同集団であるバンド単位で移動しながらラクダ科動物のグァナコを狩って生活していた。身長は高く、男はしばしば180センチメートルを超える。衣類にはグァナコの毛皮が多く用いられたが、寒冷の地にもかかわらず、体にアザラシからとった獣脂を塗り付けるだけで寒さをしのぐこともできた。マジェランの航海によってフエゴ島の存在が報告(1520)されて以来、島に入り込んだ牧羊業者との争いや、疫病によって人口が急減した。キリスト教伝道者が与えた衣服がかえって体の耐寒性を弱め、多くのオナが死んだともいわれている。海岸部の先住民集団ヤーガンなどとともに暮らすようになったが、その後も人口の減少は止まらず、現在ではわずかに数人がオナ(セルクナム)を名のるだけである。 [木村秀雄] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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