Carlyle, Thomas

Japanese: カーライル（英語表記）Carlyle， Thomas

Born: 4 December 1795, Annandale, Ecclefecamp
[Died] February 5, 1881. London. British writer and historian. The son of a stonemason, he studied at the University of Edinburgh. After working as a school teacher, he became a writer, studied German literature, and was devoted to Goethe. He was troubled by religious skepticism and the social problems brought about by industrialism, but was influenced by German philosophy and was able to escape from these troubles, eventually adopting a transcendental idealist stance. He was a leading figure in the Victorian intellectual world. He was also known for his friendship with Emerson. His major works include Sartor Resartus (1833-34), The French Revolution (37), On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (41), The History of Friedrich II of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great (58-65), etc.

Carlisle
Carlisle

The capital of Cumbria County in northwest England, England. Together with the surrounding area, it forms the Carlisle District. It is located about 430 km north-northwest of London, near the border with Scotland, and faces the lower reaches of the Eden River. The town began as a settlement formed near the fort that protected the western end of Hadrian's Wall in Roman times. After being abandoned by the Romans in the 4th century, ownership changed hands many times, but in the mid-12th century, it became part of England and developed as a strategically important location in the northwest of England. The cotton textile industry developed in the late 18th century. Other industries include food, confectionery, and machinery. Since the railway was opened in the 1830s, it has also been a transportation hub, with railways and roads radiating out from it. It is the gateway to the scenic Lake District. The area is 1,040 ^km2 . The population of the area is 103,500 (estimated 2004). The urban population is 71,733 (2001).

Carlisle
Carlisle

A city in southern Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in the Cumberland Valley, about 30 km west of the state capital, Harrisburg. The name comes from the name of a county in northwestern England and the name of its capital. Settlement began in 1720, and in the early days there were many conflicts with Native Americans. In the late 18th century, it was the starting point for many expeditions to the Midwest. Industries include manufacturing of rugs, carpets, tiles, tires, steel castings, radio parts, paper, textiles, and clothing. Population 17,492 (1990).

Carlisle
Carlisle, John Griffin

Born: September 5, 1835, Kentucky
[Died] July 31, 1910.
American lawyer and politician. Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1871. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1877-90), Speaker of the House from 1883 onwards, active in tariff reform, and Secretary of the Treasury from 1893 to 1896.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1795.12.4. アナンデール，エクルフェカン
[没]1881.2.5. ロンドン
イギリスの著述家，歴史家。石工の息子から身を起し，エディンバラ大学に学ぶ。学校教師を経て文筆を業とし，ドイツ文学を研究，ゲーテに傾倒。宗教的懐疑や，産業主義がもたらす社会問題に悩んだが，ドイツ哲学の影響によって煩悶から抜け出し，超越論的観念論の立場をとるにいたった。ビクトリア朝思想界の一方の雄。エマソンとの交友も有名。主作品『衣装哲学』 Sartor Resartus (1833～34) ，『フランス革命』 The French Revolution (37) ，『英雄および英雄崇拝』 On Heroes，Hero-Worship，and the Heroic in History (41) ，『フリードリヒ大王伝』 The History of Friedrich II of Prussia，Called Frederick the Great (58～65) など。

カーライル
Carlisle

イギリス，イングランド北西部，カンブリア県の県都。周辺を含めてカーライル地区を構成する。ロンドンの北北西約 430km，スコットランドとの境界近くにあり，イーデン川下流部に臨む。ローマ時代にハドリアヌス長城の西端を守る要塞の近くに形成された集落に始まる町で，4世紀にローマ人に放棄されたのちしばしば領有が変わったが，12世紀半ばイングランド領となり，イングランド北西部の戦略の要地として発展。18世紀末から綿織物工業が発達。ほかに，食品，製菓，機械などの工業がある。1830年代に鉄道が通じて以降，交通の要地でもあり，鉄道，道路が放射状に延びている。風光明媚なレークディストリクト（湖水地方）への入口。地区面積 1040km²。地区人口 10万3500（2004推計）。都市人口 7万1733（2001）。

カーライル
Carlisle

アメリカ合衆国，ペンシルバニア州南部の都市。州都ハリスバーグの西約 30kmのカンバーランドの谷にある。地名はイギリス北西部の県名とその県都名に由来する。定住開始は 1720年，初期にはインディアンとの紛争が多かった。 18世紀後半には，中西部に向う多くの遠征隊の出発地となった。産業としては，敷物，絨毯，タイル，タイヤ，鋼鋳物，ラジオ部品，紙，繊維，衣料などの製造工業がある。人口1万 7492 (1990) 。