This was a treaty that King Henry III of England agreed to in 1258, at the insistence of barons who demanded reforms to the national government. The treaty delegated royal power to a permanent Council of Fifteen, and the nobles were to rule the country in the king's name. This was the first time that the nobles banded together to limit royal power and intervene in the administration. However, with the support of the Pope, the king tried to escape from this treaty in 1264 by receiving a favorable ruling from King Louis IX of France, which led to armed conflict with the nobles. Simon de Montfort, the leader of the nobles who defeated the royal army in the Baron's War, forced the king to reaffirm this clause and temporarily took control of the national government, but the new system collapsed when Simon was defeated and killed in 1265. [Yutaka Matsugaki] "The Century of Magna Carta" by Takeshi Kido (1980, University of Tokyo Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イングランド王ヘンリー3世が、1258年国政の改革を要求する諸侯に強要され、同意した協約。これにより、王権は常置の十五人委員会に委任され、王の名において貴族が国を統治することになった。貴族が連帯して王権を制限し、行政に介入したのはこれが最初である。しかし、王は、ローマ教皇の支持を背景に、1264年フランス王ルイ9世の好意的な裁定によってこの協約から免れようとしたので、貴族との間に武力衝突が起こった。この「諸侯(バロン)戦争」Baron's Warで国王軍を破った貴族側の指導者シモン・ド・モンフォールは、この条項を王に再確認させて一時的に国政を掌握したが、1265年シモンの敗死により、新体制は崩壊した。 [松垣 裕] 『城戸毅著『マグナ・カルタの世紀』(1980・東京大学出版会)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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