Polluter Pays Principle

Japanese: 汚染原因者負担の原則 - おせんげんいんしゃふたんのげんそく

…Economic stimulus measures include subsidies, fiscal investment and loans, tax exemptions, and surcharges, but surcharges are said to be the most effective. The method of making polluters pay the surcharge is called the polluter pays principle (PPP). With this method, polluters end up shifting the burden to the economically disadvantaged, and in many cases, consumers bear the burden. …

From [PPP]

…It is an acronym for the polluter pays principle, and is translated as the principle that the polluter pays or the polluter pays costs. From the late 1960s to the early 1970s, pollution became a major social issue in Japan, but at the same time, it also began to spread internationally.

*The following is an explanation of some of the terms that refer to the "polluter pays principle."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…経済的刺激策では，補助金，財政投融資，減免税，課徴金などの手段があるが，課徴金がもっとも有効であるといわれる。課徴金を汚染者に負担させる方法をPPP(汚染原因者負担の原則)という。この方法では，結局のところ，汚染者はその負担を経済的弱者に転嫁し，多くは消費者負担となる。…