Kreōn (English spelling)

Japanese: クレオン（英語表記）Kreōn

(1) Legendary King of Corinth. Son of Lykaittus, husband of Merope, father of Poppotes and Glauce. Killed by Medea, who came with Jason, by magic. After Medea fled, the Corinthians killed her children. In Euripides' Medea, "Creon gave his daughter to Jason, who Medea rejected, to be his wife. Medea burned her bride to death with a magic robe, and Creon died trying to help her. Medea killed her child with Jason and fled." (2) Legendary King of Thebes. Often confused with (3). He cleansed Amphitryon of his murder and helped him fight against his uncle's family. Next, when Hercules, who was actually the son of Zeus but was born as the son of Amphitryon and Alcmene, fought against Erginus, King of Orchomenus, who demanded tribute from Thebes, and defeated him, saving Thebes, she gave her daughter Megara to Hercules as a wife. (3) Legendary King of Thebes. Son of Menoeceus and brother of Jocasta. After Jocasta's husband, King Laius, was killed by his son Oedipus, he became the ruler of Thebes for a time, but suffered from the evil of the Sphinx. He married Oedipus, who had defeated the female monster, to Jocasta and made him king. When Oedipus' crimes of murdering his father and marrying his mother were revealed and he was banished from the country, he resumed his position as ruler and waited for Oedipus' surviving children, Eteocles and Polynices, to grow up. However, when the brothers became adults and Creon gave them the kingship, they fought each other, eventually leading to an attack on Thebes by seven generals, and they were killed in the war, so Oedipus' lineage came to an end, and the throne of Thebes ultimately went to Creon. Shortly after this, when Antigone disobeyed his decree and tried to bury Polynices' body, Creon had her imprisoned alive in a tomb and forced to commit suicide. After this, Creon accepted Amphitryon's exile and enabled him to marry Alcmene in Thebes. When Alcmene's son Hercules grew up and achieved great things for Thebes, he gave his daughter Megara to him as a wife.

Cleon
Kleōn

[raw]?
Died 422 BC. Amphipolis. Ancient Greek Athenian politician. Born to a wealthy tanner, he was a typical demagogue who dominated Athenian politics after the death of Pericles. In 427 BC, he proposed the execution of all the citizens of Mytilene who had defected to Athens and been suppressed, and received support, but the decision was overturned the next day. The following year, he published The Babylonians, in which he accused Aristophanes, who had attacked him. After the victory at Pylos in 425 BC, he rejected the peace proposal offered by the Spartans, criticized the general's incompetence, and traveled to Sphacteria himself, where he won a great victory with the help of Demosthenes. He was influential in various financial policies of this period, such as increasing the contributions of the Delian cities and increasing jury allowances, but in 422 BC he went to Thrace as a general and was defeated by the brave Spartan general Brasidas and killed in battle.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 伝説のコリント王　リュカイトスの子，メロペーの夫，ポッポテスとグラウケの父。イアソンと訪れたメディアに魔力で殺された人物。その後メディアは逃げたのでコリント人は彼女の子供たちを殺した。エウリピデスの『メディア』では「メディアの退けたイアソンにクレオンが娘を妻として与えたので，メディアが魔法の衣で花嫁を焼殺し，クレオンはそれを助けようとして死に，メディアはイアソンとの子供を殺して逃げた」とされる。 (2) 伝説のテーベ王　次の (3) とよく混同される。アンフィトリュオンの殺人の罪を清め，彼のおじの一族との戦いを助けた。次いで，実はゼウスの子であるがアンフィトリュオンとアルクメネの子として生れたヘラクレスが，テーベに貢納を要求してきたオルコメノス王エルギノスと戦ってこれを破りテーベを救ったとき，娘メガラをヘラクレスに妻として与えた。 (3) 伝説のテーベ王　メノイケウスの子で，イオカステの兄弟。イオカステの夫でテーベの王だったライオスが，息子のオイディプスに殺されたあと，一時テーベの支配者となったが，スフィンクスの害に苦しみ，この女怪を退治したオイディプスをイオカステと結婚させて王位につけた。オイディプスの父殺しと母との結婚の罪が明るみに出され，彼が国外に追放されると，再び支配者の位置につき，オイディプスの遺児エテオクレスとポリュネイケスの成長を待った。ところが成人してクレオンから王権を譲られた兄弟は，争い合って，結局7将のテーベ攻めを引起し，この戦争の間に相討ちの死をとげたので，オイディプスの血統は絶え，テーベの王位は最終的にクレオンのものになった。その直後に起ったのが，彼の布告にそむきポリュネイケスの死体を葬ろうとしたアンチゴネを，クレオンが生きながら墓に閉じ込め，自殺させた事件である。このあとクレオンは，アンフィトリュオンの亡命を受入れて，彼がテーベでアルクメネと結婚できるようにしてやり，アルクメネの息子ヘラクレスが成長してテーベのために手柄を立てると，娘のメガラをその妻に与えたという。

クレオン
Kleōn

[生]?
[没]前422. アンフィポリス
古代ギリシア，アテネの政治家。富裕な皮なめし業者の子として生れ，ペリクレスの死後，アテネ政界を牛耳ったデマゴーゴス (→デマゴーグ ) の一典型。前 427年アテネに離反して鎮圧されたミュチレネ市民全員の処刑を提案し，賛成を得たが，この決定は翌日くつがえされた。翌年には，『バビロニア人』を発表して自分を攻撃したアリストファネスを告訴している。前 425年ピュロスでの勝利後，スパルタ側から申入れられた和平の提案を拒否，将軍の無能を批判して，みずからスファクテリアにおもむき，デモステネスの助けを得て大勝利を収めた。デロス同盟諸市の寄金額の引上げ，陪審員手当の増加など，この時期の財政関係の諸政策にあずかって力があったが，前 422年将軍としてトラキア地方に転戦し，スパルタの勇将ブラシダスに敗れて，戦死した。

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