An administrative act in which an administrative agency unilaterally creates an obligation on a private individual to act, refrain from acting, provide a service, or tolerate an action. An order that creates an obligation not to act is specifically called a prohibition. Orders can be made for factual acts or legal acts, but even in the latter case, they only order something to be done or not done as a fact, and do not directly aim to limit or negate the effect of the legal act, so even if a legal act violates a prohibition, it is not immediately invalidated by that fact alone. Failure to fulfill an obligation can be enforced through administrative coercion or penalties can be applied depending on the nature of the obligation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
行政庁が,私人に対し一方的に作為,不作為,給付,受忍の義務を発生させる行政行為。このうち不作為の義務を発生させる下命を特に禁止という。下命は事実行為についてなされる場合と法律行為についてなされる場合とがあるが,後者の場合でも事実としてあることをなすこと,またはしてはならないことを命じるだけで,直接,法律行為の効力を制限したり,否定したりすることを目的とするものではないから,禁止に違反する法律行為であってもそのことのみにより,ただちに無効とはならない。義務の不履行に対してはその義務の性格に応じて,行政上の強制執行によって強制したり罰則を適用したりする。
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