En - En

...The climate was semi-arid and subtropical around 6000-5000 BC, similar to today's. Human habitation in this area is thought to have begun with hunter-gatherers who relied on fish, waterfowl, date palms, and wild boars in the marshes. However, around 5000 BC (the dates up to the middle of the 3rd millennium BC are still speculative), the first traces of settlement were left at the small temple (3m on each side) of Eridu in the southernmost part by cultivators of grains (barley, emmer, wheat) and fruit trees (date palms) using artificial irrigation technology. This was the early Ubaid period (c. 5000-c. 3800 BC), which belongs to the period of combined use of Chalcolithic and Achaemic Aridity and was generally dominated by small settlements, but by the end of the period some settlements had already reached the size of towns and villages, and a magnificent brick temple was built at Eridu, measuring 23.5m in length and 13.5m in width, on a platform.

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Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…気候は前6000～前5000年ころも現在とほぼ似た半乾燥･亜熱帯状態にあった。この地への人類の居住は，沼沢地の魚，水鳥，ナツメヤシ，野猪に頼る狩猟･採集民によって始まったと考えられるが，前5000年ごろ(前3千年紀半ばまでの年代はなお推測的)，最南部のエリドゥの小神殿(1辺3m)に初めて定住の痕跡を残したのは，人工灌漑技術を伴う穀物(大麦，エンマ小麦，小麦)，果樹(ナツメヤシ)の栽培者であった。これがウバイド期(前5000ころ‐前3800ころ)初期で，ウバイド期は金石併用期に属し，一般に小集落が主であるが，末期には一部の集落が早くも町邑的規模に達し，エリドゥには基壇上に立つ縦23.5m，横13.5mの壮麗な煉瓦造の神殿が造られた。…

※「エン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報