…These scientific knowledge were written down on papyrus and kept in temple libraries. Examples include the Rhind Papyrus, which contains examples and solutions for arithmetic and geometry, the Ebers Papyrus, which contains a compilation of symptoms and treatments for illnesses, and the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which contains information on surgical diagnosis and treatment. Because it developed as a practical science, it was limited to the accumulation of knowledge and did not lead to the discovery of laws that connected the facts. … From [Anatomy]…It was probably after the Egyptian civilization that human knowledge reached a certain level and human dissections began to be performed with medical interest. The Babylonian Code of Hammurapi contains a surgical procedure that requires considerable anatomical knowledge, and in Mesopotamia there is a ceramic model of a liver that is estimated to have been made around 2000 B.C., and the Edwin Smith papyri, written in Egypt around 1700 B.C., is a valuable document on surgery. It is assumed that human dissections were already being performed at this time. … *Some of the terminology referenced in the Edwin Smith Papyrus is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これらの科学的知識はパピルスに記されて神殿の文庫に保管された。算術や幾何学の例題と解答を集めた〈リンド・パピルス〉,病気の症状と治療法を集成した〈エーベルス・パピルス〉,外科手術の診断と治療法の〈エドウィン・スミス・パピルス〉などがある。〈実学〉として発達したため知識の集積にとどまり,事実をつなぐ法則の発見にはいたっていない。… 【解剖学】より…人類の知恵がある水準にまで達し,医学的な関心をもって人体解剖が行われるようになったのはおそらくエジプト文明以後であろう。バビロニアのハンムラピ法典にはかなりの解剖学的知識を要する外科手術論が書かれており,メソポタミアには前2000年ころに作られたと推定される肝臓の陶製模型があり,またエジプトで前1700年ころに書かれた《エドウィン・スミス・パピルスEdwin Smith papyri》は外科学の貴重な文献である。このころ人体の解剖はすでになされていたと推測される。… ※「《エドウィン・スミス・パピルス》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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