… Planographic printing was invented in 1798 by A. Senefelder of Germany as a lithograph using limestone as the printing plate. It takes advantage of the fact that limestone is naturally porous and retains moisture; after drawing with an oil-based colorant, the non-printing areas are made to absorb a solution of gum arabic with added nitric acid (etching process), which makes the non-printing areas receptive to water and the printing areas to ink. Lithography was born as a completely different type of printing plate in a world where letterpress and intaglio printing were in use, and was widely used in commercial printing such as posters and labels, but it had drawbacks such as the use of heavy stone as the printing plate material and the inability to print in a cylindrical shape. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "etch processing" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 平版は1798年ドイツのA.ゼーネフェルダーによって石版石石灰岩を版材に用いた石版(リトグラフ)として発明された。石版石石灰岩がもともと多孔質で水気を含む性質があることを利用したもので,油脂性の色材で描画したのち,非画線部に硝酸を加えたアラビアゴムの溶液を吸収させる(エッチ処理)と,非画線部は水を,画線部はインキを受けつける性質となる。石版は活版,凹版の行われていた世の中にまったく異種の印刷版として誕生し,ポスター,ラベルなど商業印刷方面に広く利用されたが,重量のある石を版材とすること,またシリンダー状にできないことなどが欠点であった。… ※「エッチ処理」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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