…They are found in undifferentiated plant cells such as meristematic tissues, but not in animal cells or fungi, and are organelles that develop from protoplastids, which are rod-shaped or oblong bodies measuring 1 to 3 μm in size and lack chlorophyll. Their shape, internal structure, and function vary significantly depending on the species, and include chloroplasts that are photosynthetic organelles, leucoplasts that lack chlorophyll, etioplasts in etiolated plants, amyloplasts that have large storage starch, chromatoplasts found in yellow and orange cells, protenoplasts that contain protein crystals, and oleoplasts that have large oil droplets and lipid granules. As has been well studied in chloroplasts, each plastid has its own DNA, RNA, and enzymes, and is transmitted to the next generation through reproductive cells as a self-replicating organelle. … From [Chloroplasts]…These granules are rich in quinones such as plastoquinone, α-tocopheryl quinone, and vitamin K, and contain small amounts of carotenoids and other lipids. Plasto granules are more abundant in etioplasts of etiolated tissues than in mature chloroplasts, and they decrease when etiolated tissues are exposed to light and thylakoids are formed, but increase when green leaves senesce and the thylakoid membrane system breaks down. Therefore, they are thought to serve as a storage site for quinone compounds. The stroma contains areas with few proteins and ribosomes that are highly transparent to electron beams, and thread-like (2.0-2.5 nm thick) or rod-like (5-10 nm long) structures identified as DNA can be seen there. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Ethioplast" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…動物細胞・菌類に欠けているが,分裂組織など未分化な植物細胞にみられ,大きさ1~3μmの桿(かん)状または長楕円体のクロロフィルをもたない原色素体proplastidから発達する細胞小器官である。その形状,内部構造,機能などは,種類によって著しく異なり,光合成器官になっている葉緑体のほか,クロロフィルを欠く白色体,黄化植物のエチオプラスト,大きな貯蔵デンプンをもつアミロプラスト,黄色や橙色細胞にみられる有色色素体,タンパク質の結晶を含むプロテノプラスト,大きな油滴や脂質顆粒(かりゆう)をもつオレオプラストなどがある。 いずれの色素体も葉緑体でよく研究されているように,独自のDNA,RNAおよび酵素をもち,自己増殖性の細胞小器官として生殖細胞を通して次の世代に伝えられる。… 【葉緑体】より…この顆粒はプラストキノン,α‐トコフェリルキノン,ビタミンKなどのキノン類に富み,少量のカロチノイドその他の脂質を含む。プラスト顆粒は成熟した葉緑体よりも黄化組織のエチオプラストetioplastに多く含まれ,黄化組織が光を受けチラコイドが形成されるときには減少し,緑葉が老化しチラコイド膜系がこわれるとき増大することから,キノン化合物の貯蔵場所になっているものと考えられている。ストロマにはタンパク質やリボソームが少なく電子線をよく透過させる部域があり,そこにDNAと同定される糸状(太さ2.0~2.5nm)または棒状(長さ5~10nm)の構造が見られる。… ※「エチオプラスト」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
<<: Ethiopian race - Ethiopian (English spelling) Athiopians
...However, even within the Marxist anti-establis...
A one-volume biography of those who went to the a...
In a broad sense, it refers to laws related to the...
…This is the name given to a group of American do...
The area between Australia and Indonesia. It is b...
…Born in Belgium, he trained as a joiner. In 1853...
… [Cellular communication] In multicellular organ...
...The term jongleurs (from Occitan (southern Fra...
The Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxati...
A brackish lake in eastern Aomori Prefecture, san...
〘Noun〙 ("shu" is the Go-on and Kan-on pr...
...American film (produced in 1969). A cult movie...
This is a very special type of textile printing te...
…This is an official masu from the mid-Heian peri...
This is an artistic school of Yamada-ryu koto musi...