Abbreviation for super high frequency. One of the radio frequency bands stipulated in the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Charter, the range is over 3 GHz and below 30 GHz. In terms of wavelength, this range is between 10 and 1 cm, and is classified as centimeter waves. In general, this frequency band is called ultra-high frequency waves, and is sometimes called microwaves. Although SHF is in the centimeter wavelength range, it is confusing because it refers to a shorter wavelength range than the band generally called microwaves. However, the term microwave is merely a common name that has spread worldwide, so there is no choice but to understand it as a name that does not exist under the law. SHF technology was developed through advances in electron tube technology such as split-anode magnetrons, klystrons, and traveling wave tubes (TWTs), which generate radio waves with shorter wavelengths than ultrahigh frequency (UHF). SHF uses a parabolic antenna (rotating parabolic reflector antenna) for efficient wireless communication, while for short-distance transmission, a hollow metal tube with a rectangular or circular cross section called a waveguide can be used for efficient transmission, and a radiator can be formed at the end of the tube to radiate radio waves. As this frequency band, along with the UHF band (decimeter wave), has little background noise and can be used over a wide bandwidth, it is an ideal frequency band not only as a communication frequency for satellite communications, but also as an observation frequency for microwave energy naturally emitted from objects to be observed (measuring the amount of water vapor present by attenuation) in remote sensing by earth observation satellites and the like. [Iwao Ishijima] [Reference] | | wave| | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
super high frequencyの略称。国際電気通信連合(ITU)憲章による無線通信規則に定められている電波の周波数区分の一つで、その範囲は3ギガヘルツを超え、30ギガヘルツ以下の周波数帯をいう。これを波長で表せば10センチメートルから1センチメートルの範囲であり、センチメートル波に区分される。一般には、この周波数帯を極超短波とよび、また、マイクロ波に含めてよぶこともある。SHFはセンチメートル台の波長範囲にあるのに、一般にマイクロ波とよばれている帯域よりも短波長の領域を表すので紛らわしい。しかし、マイクロ波という呼び方はあくまでも世界的に広がった通称であるので、法律上には存在しない呼び名として理解するほかはない。 SHFの技術は、極超短波(UHF)よりもさらに波長の短い高周波を発振させる分割陽極マグネトロン(磁電管)、クライストロン(速度変調管)、進行波管(TWT:traveling wave tube、またはTW管)などの電子管の技術の進歩によって発展した。 SHFはパラボラアンテナ(回転放物鏡アンテナ)を使用して、効率のよい無線通信を行う一方、近距離の伝送には導波管という矩形(くけい)または円形の断面をもつ中空の金属管を使用して効率よく伝送することができ、その先端に放射器を形成して電波として放射することもできる。UHF帯(デシメートル波)とともに背景雑音の少ない周波数帯であり、広帯域使用も可能であるため、衛星通信の通信周波数としてのみでなく、地球観測衛星などによるリモート・センシング(遠隔探査)において、観測対象から自然放射されるマイクロ波エネルギーの観測周波数(減衰により水蒸気の存在量を測定)として最適な周波数帯である。 [石島 巖] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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