...There are several different blood type systems, as described below, each with several phenotypes, but all of them have simple Mendelian inheritance, so they are often used as genetic markers in genetic research and parent-child identification, and because there are racial and ethnic differences in the frequency of types, they have also been considered indispensable in anthropological research. Blood types are also useful for personal identification in criminal investigations, but recently DNA polymorphisms (DNA types) have taken over as the main genetic marker. However, because blood type antigens can be detrimental to health during blood transfusions, pregnancy, and organ transplants, they are very important in clinical medicine. ... *Some of the terminology that refers to "Type A" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…血液型には後述のように異なったいくつものシステムがあり,それぞれいくつかの表現型があるが,いずれも単純なメンデル遺伝をするので,遺伝標識として遺伝学の研究や親子の鑑別によく利用され,型の出現頻度に人種差・民族差があるので,人類学の研究にも欠かせないものとされてきた。血液型はまた犯罪捜査などの際に個人識別に役立つが,最近ではDNA多型(DNA型)に遺伝標識としての主役の座が取って代わられるようになった。しかし,血液型抗原が輸血や妊娠や臓器移植に際して健康上不利益に振る舞うことがあるところから,臨床医学上では非常に重視されている。… ※「A 型」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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