Conquest - Conquest

Japanese: 勾引 - こういん
Conquest - Conquest

This is a compulsory measure in which the court takes the defendant to a certain place. The court may take the defendant to a certain place (1) when the defendant does not have a fixed residence, (2) when the defendant does not respond to a summons without a valid reason or is likely to not respond (Article 58 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), or (3) when the court has ordered the defendant to appear or be accompanied to a designated place as necessary and the defendant does not respond without a valid reason (Article 68 of the Code). In addition, when the court has taken the defendant to a certain place, it may detain the defendant in a penal institution if necessary (Article 75 of the Code).

A defendant who is arrested must be released within 24 hours of being brought before the court. However, this does not apply if a detention warrant is issued within that time (Article 59 of the same law, see Article 68). A defendant must be arrested by issuing a detention warrant (Article 62 of the same law, see Articles 64, 66, 67, 69-76). A defendant who is arrested must be informed of the gist of the charges and the right to choose a defense attorney, and that if he or she is unable to choose a defense attorney due to poverty or other reasons, he or she may request the appointment of a defense attorney (Article 76, paragraph 1 of the same law). At that time, the defendant must be informed that he or she may request the appointment of a defense attorney by designating a lawyer, law firm, or bar association, and the place to which the request may be made (Article 76, paragraph 2 of the same law), a provision that was introduced in the 2016 amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure to enhance the defendant's right to defense. A defendant who has been subpoenaed has the right to meet with his or her lawyer (Articles 39 and 80 of the Criminal Procedure Act). A witness may also be subpoenaed if (1) he or she does not comply with a summons without a valid reason, or if there is a risk that he or she will not comply (Articles 152 and 153 of the Criminal Procedure Act). In the past, a witness could only be subpoenaed after being summoned, but the 2016 amendment to the Criminal Procedure Act made it possible to subpoena a witness even if there is a risk that he or she will not comply with a summons, in order to ensure a thorough public trial, and subpoenas before summons were also made possible. A witness may also be subpoenaed if (2) he or she does not comply with a summons without a valid reason (Article 162 of the Criminal Procedure Act).

[Ichiro Uchida and Morikazu Taguchi, April 18, 2018]

[Reference] | Compulsory measures | Right to meet and communicate

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

裁判所が被告人を一定の場所に引致する強制処分をいう。裁判所は、(1)被告人が定まった住居を有しないとき、(2)被告人が、正当な理由なく、召喚に応じないとき、または応じないおそれのあるとき(刑事訴訟法58条)、(3)裁判所が、必要があるとして、指定の場所に出頭または同行を命じたが、被告人が正当な理由なくこれに応じないときは、被告人をその場所に勾引することができる(同法68条)。また、被告人を勾引した場合において必要があるときは、被告人を刑事施設に留置することができる(同法75条)。

 勾引した被告人は、裁判所に引致したときから24時間以内にこれを釈放しなければならない。ただしその時間内に勾留状が発せられたときは、この限りでない(同法59条、なお68条参照)。被告人の勾引は、勾引状を発してこれをしなければならない(同法62条、なお64条、66条、67条、69条~76条参照)。勾引された被告人は、公訴事実の要旨および弁護人選任権の告知を受け、貧困その他の事由により自ら弁護人を選任することができないときは弁護人の選任を請求することができる旨を告げられなければならない(同法76条1項)。その際、弁護士、弁護士法人または弁護士会を指定して弁護人の選任を申し出ることができる旨、およびその申出先が教示されなければならないこととなったが(同法76条2項)、これは2016年(平成28)刑事訴訟法改正により被告人の弁護権を充実させるために導入された規定である。勾引された被告人は、弁護人等との接見交通権を有する(同法39条、80条)。証人が、(1)正当な理由なく、召喚に応じないとき、または応じないおそれがあるときも、その証人を勾引することができる(同法152条、なお153条参照)。証人の勾引については、いったん召喚した後でなければ勾引できなかった制度が、2016年の刑事訴訟法改正により、充実した公判審理を実現するために、召喚に応じないおそれがあるときにも勾引できることとされ、召喚前の勾引も可能とされた。また、証人が、(2)正当な理由がなく同行に応じないときも、これを勾引することができる(同法162条)。

[内田一郎・田口守一 2018年4月18日]

[参照項目] | 強制処分 | 接見交通権

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