National Space Development Agency of Japan

Japanese: 宇宙開発事業団 - うちゅうかいはつじぎょうだん(英語表記)National Space Development Agency of Japan
National Space Development Agency of Japan

A special corporation established under the National Space Development Agency of Japan Act (Act No. 50 of 1969) with the objective of comprehensively developing, launching, and tracking artificial satellites and rockets for launching artificial satellites for peaceful purposes only. Its abbreviation is NASDA. It is one of the predecessors of the current Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). It was established in 1969. At the time of its establishment, it took over the work of the Space Development Promotion Headquarters of the Science and Technology Agency and part of the work of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications' Radio Research Laboratory (now the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology), and started out by developing an ionosphere observation satellite and the Q rocket to launch it, but later changed its plan to develop a series of technical test satellites and a new N rocket (N-I). The N rocket was later improved to become the N-II rocket, and by 1987, 15 artificial satellites had been launched using the N series rockets. After that, they developed the H-I and H-II rockets, which are made in Japan at a high rate, as well as the H-IIA and H-IIB rockets, and launched 50 artificial satellites by 2010. They also decided to participate in the International Space Station proposed by the United States, developing the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) and training the astronauts who would be on board.

As an organization, the company had its headquarters, the Tanegashima Space Center, the Tsukuba Space Center, the Kakuda Rocket Development Center (Miyagi Prefecture, currently the Kakuda Space Center), the Earth Observation Center (Saitama Prefecture), as well as space communications stations, tracking and control stations, and other facilities in various locations. In October 2003, it merged with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) to become JAXA.

[Hajime Hiraki and Akira Kubozono]

[Reference items] | Space development | Institute of Space and Astronautical Science | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | H-IIA rocket |National Aerospace Laboratory | International Space Station | Tanegashima Space Center| Special corporation | Rocket

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

宇宙開発事業団法(昭和44年法律50号)により、平和目的に限り、人工衛星および人工衛星打上げ用ロケットの開発、打上げおよび追跡を総合的に行うことを目的とした特殊法人。略称はNASDA(ナスダ)。現在の宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA(ジャクサ))の前身の一つ。1969年(昭和44)設立。設立に際しては、当時の科学技術庁宇宙開発推進本部の業務および郵政省電波研究所(現、情報通信研究機構)の一部の業務を引き継いで、電離層観測衛星とこれを打ち上げるQロケットの開発を行うことで出発したが、のちに、一連の技術試験衛星と新しいNロケット(N-Ⅰ)を開発する計画に変更された。Nロケットはその後改良されN-Ⅱロケットとなり、Nシリーズのロケットで1987年までに15個の人工衛星を打ち上げた。その後、国産率の高いH-ⅠロケットおよびH-Ⅱロケット、さらにH-ⅡAロケット、H-ⅡBロケットを開発し、2010年(平成22)までに50個の人工衛星などを打ち上げた。またアメリカの提唱する国際宇宙ステーションに参加することとなり、日本実験モジュール(JEM)を開発し、また搭乗する宇宙飛行士の養成なども行った。

 組織としては、本社、種子島(たねがしま)宇宙センター、筑波(つくば)宇宙センター、角田(かくだ)ロケット開発センター(宮城県。現、角田宇宙センター)、地球観測センター(埼玉県)のほか、各地に宇宙通信所、追跡管制所などの事業所を擁した。2003年10月、宇宙科学研究所(ISAS(アイサス))、航空宇宙技術研究所(NAL(ナル))と統合し、JAXAとなった。

[平木 一・久保園晃]

[参照項目] | 宇宙開発 | 宇宙科学研究所 | 宇宙航空研究開発機構 | H-ⅡAロケット | 航空宇宙技術研究所 | 国際宇宙ステーション | 種子島宇宙センター | 特殊法人 | ロケット

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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