Cadiz - Cadiz (English spelling)

Japanese: カディス - かでぃす(英語表記)Cádiz
Cadiz - Cadiz (English spelling)

It is the capital of the province of Cadiz in the Andalusia region in southwestern Spain. It is one of Spain's leading port cities, located at the tip of a cape on the eastern coast of the Bay of Cadiz, about 93 km northwest of the Strait of Gibraltar. It has a population of 133,363 (2001). The old town is on a small rocky island 14 meters above sea level, and is surrounded by a wall except for the eastern port. The new town spreads out on the outside. It has a Mediterranean climate, with mild temperatures all year round and little rain. The average temperature is 11.4°C in January and 24.9°C in August. The white-walled houses with rooftop watchtowers and terraces extending out from the second floor line the streets, creating a unique landscape. The port is an important export port for wine, olives, cork, etc., and is also a base for regular shipping routes to South America, the Canary Islands, and Africa. The shipbuilding industry is also thriving. It has been an important military location since ancient times, and is the base of the Spanish Navy.

[Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa]

history

It began around 1100 BC when the Phoenicians built a town for trade. It was occupied by Carthage in 501 BC and then by Rome in 206 BC, and flourished as a commercial city and a keystone of Mediterranean domination. It declined in the 5th century due to invasion and destruction by the Visigoths, but was revived after Islamic rule in the 8th century. During the Reconquista (war of recovery), it became a frontline base for Christians. It prospered under privileges in trade with the "New World" that began in the 16th century. It was also an important political stage, as the 1812 Constitution was enacted here, and it was the spark for the Riego Uprising in 1820 and the September Revolution in 1868. In addition, agricultural workers engaged in olive, grape, and wheat cultivation under the large landowning system were also active, and famous examples include the strike in 1883 led by anarchists, and the activities of the secret society "Black Hand" Mano Negra during the same period. During the Spanish Civil War that broke out in 1936, it was one of the first cities to be occupied by Franco's side, and became a connecting port between Morocco and the mainland.

[Jiro Nakatsuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スペイン南西部、アンダルシア地方カディス県の県都。スペイン有数の港湾都市で、ジブラルタル海峡の北西約93キロメートル、カディス湾東岸の岬の先端に位置する。人口13万3363(2001)。標高14メートルの小さい岩島の上に旧市街があり、東部の港を除き城壁で囲まれている。その外側に新市街が細長く広がる。地中海性気候下にあり、年中温和で雨も少ない。平均気温は1月11.4℃、8月24.9℃。屋上の望楼ミラドールや2階に張り出したテラスをもつ白壁の家が並び、独特の景観をなしている。港は、ぶどう酒やオリーブ、コルクなどの輸出港として、また、南米、カナリア諸島、アフリカとの定期航路の基地として重要な位置を占める。造船業も盛んである。古来より軍事的にも重要な地で、スペイン海軍の根拠地がある。

[田辺 裕・滝沢由美子]

歴史

紀元前1100年ごろ、フェニキア人が交易のために町を建設したことに始まる。前501年にカルタゴ、ついで前206年ローマによって占領され、商業都市、地中海支配の要石として栄えた。5世紀には西ゴート人の侵入、破壊を受け衰退したが、8世紀のイスラム支配以後復興した。レコンキスタ(国土回復戦争)ではキリスト教徒の前線基地となった。16世紀に始まる「新大陸」との貿易では、特権を与えられ繁栄した。1812年憲法がここで制定され、20年のリエゴ蜂起(ほうき)、68年の九月革命の発火点になるなど、政治的にも重要な舞台となった。また、大土地所有制の下にあったオリーブ、ブドウ、小麦栽培に従事する農業労働者の運動も激しく、アナキストを中心とした1883年のストライキ、同じ時期の秘密結社「黒い手」Mano Negraの活動などが有名である。1936年に起こったスペイン内戦ではフランコ側にいち早く占領され、モロッコと本土との連絡港となった。

[中塚次郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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