Veii - Weii (English spelling)

Japanese: ウェイイ - うぇいい(英語表記)Veii
Veii - Weii (English spelling)

An Etruscan city-state in central Italy. Located about 18 km north of Rome, in what is now Isola Farnese, the city was surrounded by impregnable natural fortifications. It developed from around the 8th century BC in grain production, craft production, and salt production, and reached its zenith in the mid-6th century BC, controlling a vast area up to the mouth of the Tiber River (now the Tiber River). It had early connections with Rome, and it is said that the Veiente sculptor Vulca and his group were responsible for the decoration of the Temple of Jupiter in Rome in the 6th century BC. In 477 BC, the Veienti army defeated the Roman Fabius family in the Battle of the Cremera River, but in 437 BC, Veii's king Tolumnius was killed by a Roman general, and in 396 BC, Veii was occupied by the Roman army under Camillus. After the conquest, the territory of Veii was annexed by Rome, and the town was reduced to ruins during the Imperial period. Today, only the remains of the temple and tomb remain, but a statue of Apollo, a masterpiece of Etruscan art, has been excavated from the temple ruins.

[Ryuichi Hirata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代イタリア中央部、エトルリアの都市国家。ローマ市の北約18キロメートル、現在のイゾラ・ファルネーゼに位置し、町は難攻不落の自然の要塞(ようさい)に囲まれていた。紀元前8世紀ごろから穀物生産、工芸品製作、塩業などで発展し、ティベリス川(現在のテベレ川)河口に至るまでの広大な領域を支配して前6世紀中葉に全盛期を迎えた。早くからローマとかかわりをもち、前6世紀ローマのユピテル神殿の装飾を担当したのは、ウェイイの彫刻家ウルカVulca一派だったといわれる。前477年ウェイイ軍はクレメラ河畔の戦いでローマのファビウスFabius一族を破ったが、前437年ウェイイ王トルムニウスTolumniusはローマの将軍に討ち取られ、前396年ウェイイはカミルス麾下(きか)のローマ軍に占領された。征服後ウェイイ領はローマに併合され、その町は帝政期には廃墟(はいきょ)と化した。現在、神殿と墓の跡が残るだけであるが、神殿跡からはエトルリア美術の代表作アポロ像が出土している。

[平田隆一]

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