Wilson's 14 points

Japanese: ウィルソンの14ヵ条 - うぃるそんのじゅうよんかじょう
Wilson's 14 points

…28th President of the United States. In office from 1913 to 1921. Born in Virginia to a devout Presbyterian minister. Studied at Princeton University and the University of Virginia, and opened a law practice, but soon returned to academic life, earning a doctorate in political science in 1886. After teaching at a women's college, he was invited to his alma mater, Princeton, as a professor of political science and law in 1890, where he also achieved success in history, and was elected president in 1902. He gained fame as president for introducing the tutor system and reforming the curriculum, but he faced opposition over the issue of establishing a graduate school, and resigned in 2010. …

From the Interwar Period

… Although no representatives of the Soviet government were invited to the Paris Peace Conference (January-June 1919), their invisible shadow did not fail to have a major impact on the progress of the conference. The so-called "Wilson's Fourteen Points" of US President Wilson, which were accepted as the principles of the peace treaty, were originally put forward by the Allied governments in order to take back the symbol of democratic peace proposed by the October Revolution, and in short, they contrasted new diplomacy with traditional old-fashioned diplomacy. Thus, Wilson's new diplomacy and Lenin's revolutionary diplomacy were in conflict as two postwar concepts, but in the end neither was implemented. …

From World War I

...Also, immediately after the revolution, the Soviet government demanded answers from the governments of the warring nations regarding the aims of the war and the principles of peace. The Wilsonian 14-point platform, announced in the State of the Union address of January 8, 1918, can be seen as an important achievement whose publication was promoted by this series of Soviet diplomatic offensives. Wilson's 14-point platform would have a decisive influence on Germany's decision to end the war and on the Paris Peace Conference.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "Wilson's 14 Points" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…アメリカ合衆国第28代大統領。在職1913‐21年。バージニア州で,敬虔な長老派の牧師の子に生まれた。プリンストン大学,バージニア大学で学び,弁護士を開業したが,ほどなく学究生活にもどり,1886年政治学で博士号を得た。女子大学で教職についたのち,90年に母校プリンストンの政治学・法学教授として招かれ,歴史学でも成果をあげ,1902年学長に選ばれた。チューター制の導入,カリキュラム改革などで学長として名声を得たが,大学院設置問題で反対を招き,10年辞任した。…

【戦間期】より

… パリ講和会議(1919年1~6月)にはソビエト政権の代表は招かれなかったが,その見えざる影は会議の進行に大きな影響を及ぼさずにはいなかった。そもそも講和の原則として受け入れられたウィルソン・アメリカ大統領の,いわゆる〈ウィルソンの14ヵ条〉は,もともと十月革命の提起した民主的平和のシンボルを連合国政府の側で奪い返すために打ち出されたのであり,要するに伝統的な旧式外交に対して新外交new diplomacyを対置させたものであった。こうしてウィルソンの新外交とレーニンの革命外交は,二つの戦後構想として対立したが,いずれも貫徹されることなしに終わった。…

【第1次世界大戦】より

…また革命直後に,ソビエト政権は〈戦争の目的〉や〈平和の原則〉についての回答を交戦国諸政府に向かって要求した。18年1月8日の年頭教書の中で表明された〈ウィルソンの14ヵ条の綱領〉は,ソビエトのこの一連の外交攻勢によって発表を促進された重要な成果とみてよい。ウィルソンの14ヵ条の原則は,ドイツの終戦決意とパリ平和会議に決定的な影響を及ぼすことになる。…

※「ウィルソンの14ヵ条」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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