Taft, William Howard

Japanese: タフト(英語表記)Taft, William Howard
Taft, William Howard
Born September 15, 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio
[Died] March 8, 1930, Washington, DC
American politician. 27th President (in office 1909-13). After a successful career in law, he became the first civilian governor of the Philippines in 1901. From 1904 to 1908, he served as Secretary of War under President T. Roosevelt. In 1908, he became the Republican presidential candidate to succeed Roosevelt, defeating W. Bryan and taking office in 1909. During his term, he pursued "dollar diplomacy" with Secretary of State P. Knox, and promoted exports to Latin American countries while also intervening in the form of financial aid. On the other hand, he attempted to bring Latin America under American control, such as by sending marines to Nicaragua, an area where a canal could be built. He also proposed to China to internationalize the Manchuria Railway, but was thwarted by opposition from Japan and Russia, and instead attempted economic advancement in the form of loans to China. In the presidential election of 1912, he split with the Republican Progressives and lost to T. W. Wilson. He was then a professor of law at Yale University until 1921. That same year, he was appointed the 10th Chief Justice of the United States by President W. Harding, a position he held for the rest of his life.

Taft
Taft, Robert Alphonso

Born September 8, 1889 in Cincinnati, Ohio
[Died] July 31, 1953, New York. American politician. Son of W. Taft, the 27th President of the United States. After graduating from Yale and Harvard, he qualified as an attorney in Ohio in 1913. In 1920, he was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives and entered politics. In 1938, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he criticized the radical tendencies and centralization of the New Deal (→New Deal) and worked hard to enact the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. He ran twice for the Republican presidential nomination but was defeated. He became the Republican Senate Majority Leader and cooperated with President D. Eisenhower, but died suddenly of cancer.

Taft
Taft, Lorado

Born April 29, 1860 in Elmwood, Illinois
[Died] October 30, 1936. Chicago, Illinois. American sculptor. After graduating from the University of Illinois, he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris for four years. In 1883, he opened a studio in Chicago, and thereafter produced park fountains, victory monuments, portrait sculptures, and other works. He taught art at the Art Institute of Chicago (→Art Institute of Chicago) and the University of Illinois. His major works include "Solitude of the Soul," "Blindness" (Art Institute of Chicago), "Statue of Washington" (Seattle), and "Fountain of Time" (1922, Washington Park, Chicago, and others).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1857.9.15. オハイオ,シンシナティ
[没]1930.3.8. ワシントンD.C.
アメリカの政治家。第 27代大統領 (在任 1909~13) 。法曹界で活躍したあと,1901年フィリピンの初代文官総督となった。 04~08年 T.ルーズベルト大統領のもとで陸軍長官。 08年にはルーズベルトの後継者として共和党大統領候補となり,W.ブライアンを破って当選し,09年就任した。在任中,国務長官 P.ノックスとともに「ドル外交」を展開し,ラテンアメリカ諸国に対する輸出増加をはかるとともに,財政援助の形による介入を進めた。一方,運河建設可能地帯であるニカラグアに対しては海兵隊を進駐させるなど,ラテンアメリカをアメリカの支配下におこうとした。また,中国に対しては満州鉄道の国際化を提案したが日本とロシアの反対にあって挫折し,対中国借款の形をとって経済的進出をはかった。 12年の大統領選挙で共和党革新派と分れ,T. W.ウィルソンに敗れた。その後,21年までエール大学法学教授。同年 W.ハーディング大統領により第 10代連邦最高裁判所長官に任命され,生涯その職にあった。

タフト
Taft, Robert Alphonso

[生]1889.9.8. オハイオ,シンシナティ
[没]1953.7.31. ニューヨーク
アメリカの政治家。第 27代アメリカ大統領 W.タフトの息子。エール,ハーバード両大学を卒業後,1913年オハイオ州で弁護士の資格を取得。 20年にオハイオ州下院議員に当選して政界に入った。 38年合衆国上院議員に当選,ニューディール政策 (→ニューディール ) の急進的な傾向や中央集権化を批判し,また 47年のタフト=ハートレー法の立法化に尽力した。共和党の大統領候補指名選挙に2度立候補したが敗れ,共和党の上院院内総務となり D.アイゼンハワー大統領に協力したが,癌のため急死。

タフト
Taft, Lorado

[生]1860.4.29. イリノイ,エルムウッド
[没]1936.10.30. イリノイ,シカゴ
アメリカ合衆国の彫刻家。イリノイ大学卒業,4年間パリのエコール・デ・ボザールに学ぶ。1883年シカゴにアトリエを開き,以後,公園の泉,戦勝碑,肖像彫刻などを制作。シカゴ美術研究所(→シカゴ美術館)およびイリノイ大学で美術を講じた。主要作品『魂の孤独』,『盲目』(シカゴ美術館),『ワシントン像』(シアトル),『時の泉』(1922,シカゴ,ワシントン公園ほか)など。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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>>:  Takht-i-Bahi (English spelling)

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