Born September 15, 1857 in Cincinnati, Ohio [Died] March 8, 1930, Washington, DC American politician. 27th President (in office 1909-13). After a successful career in law, he became the first civilian governor of the Philippines in 1901. From 1904 to 1908, he served as Secretary of War under President T. Roosevelt. In 1908, he became the Republican presidential candidate to succeed Roosevelt, defeating W. Bryan and taking office in 1909. During his term, he pursued "dollar diplomacy" with Secretary of State P. Knox, and promoted exports to Latin American countries while also intervening in the form of financial aid. On the other hand, he attempted to bring Latin America under American control, such as by sending marines to Nicaragua, an area where a canal could be built. He also proposed to China to internationalize the Manchuria Railway, but was thwarted by opposition from Japan and Russia, and instead attempted economic advancement in the form of loans to China. In the presidential election of 1912, he split with the Republican Progressives and lost to T. W. Wilson. He was then a professor of law at Yale University until 1921. That same year, he was appointed the 10th Chief Justice of the United States by President W. Harding, a position he held for the rest of his life. Taft |
[生]1857.9.15. オハイオ,シンシナティ [没]1930.3.8. ワシントンD.C. アメリカの政治家。第 27代大統領 (在任 1909~13) 。法曹界で活躍したあと,1901年フィリピンの初代文官総督となった。 04~08年 T.ルーズベルト大統領のもとで陸軍長官。 08年にはルーズベルトの後継者として共和党大統領候補となり,W.ブライアンを破って当選し,09年就任した。在任中,国務長官 P.ノックスとともに「ドル外交」を展開し,ラテンアメリカ諸国に対する輸出増加をはかるとともに,財政援助の形による介入を進めた。一方,運河建設可能地帯であるニカラグアに対しては海兵隊を進駐させるなど,ラテンアメリカをアメリカの支配下におこうとした。また,中国に対しては満州鉄道の国際化を提案したが日本とロシアの反対にあって挫折し,対中国借款の形をとって経済的進出をはかった。 12年の大統領選挙で共和党革新派と分れ,T. W.ウィルソンに敗れた。その後,21年までエール大学法学教授。同年 W.ハーディング大統領により第 10代連邦最高裁判所長官に任命され,生涯その職にあった。 タフト
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