…FW Herschel, who discovered Uranus (1781), later developed this idea observationally and was the first to publish a model of the Milky Way. The model of the Milky Way that placed the Sun near the center, which had continued until the research of JC Kaptey in the early 20th century, was revolutionized by the research of H. Shapley using the 2.5m reflecting telescope completed at Mount Wilson in the United States in 1917. This revealed that the Milky Way is much larger than previously thought, and that the Sun is located much closer to the edge than the center (It is currently believed that the Milky Way is a bulging, thin disk-like system with a diameter of about 100,000 light years, consisting of about 200 billion stars, and that the Sun is located in a disk about 30,000 light years from the center).… From [Cosmic Background Radiation]…It is also called 3K radiation because the strength of the radio waves is equivalent to an absolute temperature of about 3K, and cosmic blackbody radiation because the spectrum of the radio waves has the properties of blackbody radiation. This type of radio wave was discovered in 1965 by American engineers AAPenzias and RW Wilson. According to the Big Bang theory, the early universe was a period of high temperature and high density, and the universe was completely opaque. … From [Big Bang]…However, at that time, direct evidence of the Big Bang had not yet been observed, and Gamow's theory did not receive much attention, except from a few people. However, in 1964, American physicists Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson discovered that the universe is filled with light (cosmic microwave background radiation) at a very low temperature of 3K. At the same time, theoretical physicists P.J.E. Peebles and R.H. Dicke revealed that this was a trace of the hot early universe, and it was confirmed that the theoretically predicted amount of element synthesis in the early universe was in good agreement with the observed facts, and the Big Bang theory was established. Recently, as the more fundamental structure of matter has been revealed, the state of the high-temperature, high-density era that goes back even further than the era of element synthesis has been studied in cosmology, and it is no longer a dream to solve more philosophical problems such as the origin of matter itself and the origin of the Big Bang itself as physical problems. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Wilson, RW" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…天王星を発見した(1781)F.W.ハーシェルはその後この考えを観測的に発展させ,初めて銀河系のモデルを発表した。20世紀初めのJ.C.カプタインの研究に至るまで続いた,太陽を中心付近に置く銀河系モデルを画期的に改めたのは,1917年アメリカのウィルソン山に完成した2.5m反射望遠鏡を用いたH.シャプリーの研究であった。これによって,銀河系はそれまで考えられたよりずっと大きく,太陽は中心よりはるかに端に寄って位置することが明らかにされた(現在では,直径約10万光年の中心部の膨れた薄い円盤状の銀河系は約2000億個の恒星からなり,太陽は中心から約3万光年の円盤内にあるとされる。… 【宇宙背景放射】より…電波の強度が絶対温度約3Kに相当することから3K放射,電波のスペクトルが黒体放射の性質を有することから宇宙黒体放射などとも呼ばれる。 この電波は,1965年,アメリカの技術者ペンジアスA.A.PenziasとウィルソンR.W.Wilsonによって発見された。ビッグバン宇宙論によれば,宇宙の初期には高温,高密度の時期があり,宇宙はまったく不透明であったと考えられている。… 【ビッグバン】より…しかし,そのころはまだ,ビッグバンの直接の証拠は観測されておらず,少数の人々を除いて,ガモフの理論は,あまり着目されなかった。しかし,64年,アメリカの物理学者ペンジャスArno A.PenziasとウィルソンRobert W.Wilsonによって,3Kという非常に低温の光(宇宙背景放射)が宇宙を満たしていることが発見され,同時に,ピーブルスP.J.E.PeeblesやディッケR.H.Dickeらの理論物理学者によって,これが熱い初期宇宙の痕跡であることが明らかにされ,さらに,理論的に予見される宇宙初期の元素合成量が,観測事実とよく一致することが確認されてビッグバン理論は確立した。 最近,物質のより基本的な構造が明らかにされるに従って,宇宙論においても元素合成の時代よりさらにさかのぼった高温高密度の時代のようすが研究されており,物質そのものの起源やビッグバンそのものの起源といったより哲学的な問題が,物理の問題として解明されるのも夢ではなくなってきている。… ※「ウィルソン,R.W.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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