A teaching organization plan introduced in 1919 by the city's superintendent of education, Washburn, in elementary and middle schools in Winnetka, Illinois. In the 1910s, attempts were made in America to eliminate the negative effects of uniform teaching by individualizing the content of subjects. Washburn invented the Winnetka Plan, inspired by his collaborative research with FL Burk (1862-1924), a well-known pioneer of individualized teaching methods. This plan divides the learning area into common core subjects and social and creative activities. The common core subjects are subdivided into achievement units, and the learning progress and unit progression are adapted to the pace of the student, based on diagnostic tests and the student's self-diagnosis. In the area of social and creative activities, group activities are emphasized. The Winnetka Plan, along with the Dalton Plan and the Project Method, influenced the new education movement in Japan during the Taisho period. [Mitsunaga Otani and Akio Miyadera] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1919年アメリカ、イリノイ州のウィネトカの小・中学校に、当市の教育長ウォッシュバーンによって導入された教授組織案。1910年代のアメリカでは、教科内容の個別化によって、一斉教授のもつ画一化の弊害を除去しようとする試みがなされていた。ウォッシュバーンは、個別方式の教授形態の先導者として著名なバークF. L. Burk(1862―1924)との共同研究に刺激されてウィネトカ・プランを創案した。このプランは、学習領域を共通基本教科と社会的・創造的活動とに分ける。共通基本教科はアチーブメント単元に細分化され、学習進度や単元の進め方が診断テスト、学習者の自己診断などによって、学習者のペースに合致して進行する。また、社会的・創造的活動の領域においては、グループ活動が重要視される。ウィネトカ・プランはドルトン・プランやプロジェクト・メソッドなどとともに、日本の大正期の新教育運動に影響を及ぼしている。 [大谷光長・宮寺晃夫] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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